{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008413435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2976875","title":"Negative Selection Algorithm Based on Antigen Density Clustering","display_name":"Negative Selection Algorithm Based on Antigen Density Clustering","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008413435","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2976875","mag":"3008413435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2976875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2976875","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09018295.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09018295.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018611","display_name":"Chao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6682-3283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","Hubei Education Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China","Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Education Informatization Engineering Technology Research Center, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hubei Key Laboratory of Applied Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101831429","display_name":"Lin Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3479-8711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003492607","display_name":"Bing-Qiu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0072-619X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bing-Qiu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033271932","display_name":"Hai-yang Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75900474","display_name":"Hubei University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a60m280","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai-Yang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102018611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75900474"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8287,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84115934,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"44967","last_page":"44975"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12391","display_name":"Artificial Immune Systems Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.9879999756813049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7133128643035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6638785600662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.6264929175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.43983593583106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34903401136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3258795142173767}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7133128643035889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6638785600662231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.6264929175376892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.43983593583106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34903401136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3258795142173767}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2976875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2976875","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09018295.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e2da5b669584466dacd6e3e33aa85329","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e2da5b669584466dacd6e3e33aa85329","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 44967-44975 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2976875","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2976875","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09018295.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3228004677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61977021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G550824026","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HBAM201902","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008413435.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3008413435.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516113782","https://openalex.org/W1972162037","https://openalex.org/W2004271588","https://openalex.org/W2024454892","https://openalex.org/W2032718589","https://openalex.org/W2084543849","https://openalex.org/W2117699771","https://openalex.org/W2129624205","https://openalex.org/W2165835468","https://openalex.org/W2353952033","https://openalex.org/W2731936366","https://openalex.org/W2763230888","https://openalex.org/W2888195673","https://openalex.org/W2913386234","https://openalex.org/W2942166457","https://openalex.org/W2943224902","https://openalex.org/W2964726656","https://openalex.org/W2965143802","https://openalex.org/W6651892974","https://openalex.org/W6705850860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4298130764","https://openalex.org/W2804364458","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2132641928","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W4310225030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,115,142,179],"negative":[1,19,66,191,216],"selection":[2,20,67,192,217],"algorithm":[3,68,83,193,218],"(NSA)":[4],"is":[5,44,70,77,96,118,145,195],"one":[6],"of":[7,11,32,54,60,87,101,108,132,164,176],"the":[8,12,17,29,52,58,85,93,99,102,106,121,130,138,148,151,162,165,169,174,185,190,204,209,214,225],"basic":[9],"algorithms":[10,223],"artificial":[13],"immune":[14],"system.":[15],"In":[16],"traditional":[18,152,170,215],"algorithm,":[21,171],"candidate":[22,133],"detectors":[23,48,134,139,149],"are":[24,126],"randomly":[25],"generated":[26],"without":[27],"considering":[28],"uneven":[30],"distributions":[31],"self-antigens":[33],"and":[34,42,135,187,220],"nonself-antigens,":[35],"thereby":[36,172],"resulting":[37],"in":[38,79,168],"many":[39],"redundant":[40],"detectors,":[41],"it":[43],"difficult":[45],"for":[46],"these":[47,157],"to":[49,97,112,119,136,146],"fully":[50],"cover":[51],"area":[53],"nonself-antigens.":[55],"To":[56],"overcome":[57],"problem":[59],"low":[61],"detector":[62,88,166,177],"generation":[63,89,155,167],"efficiency,":[64],"a":[65],"that":[69,125,183,194],"based":[71,196],"on":[72,184,197],"antigen":[73,109,198],"density":[74,100,110,199],"clustering":[75,111,200],"(ADC-NSA)":[76],"proposed":[78],"this":[80],"paper.":[81],"divides":[84],"process":[86],"into":[90],"three":[91,158],"steps:":[92],"first":[94],"step":[95,117,144],"calculate":[98],"antigens":[103],"by":[104],"using":[105],"method":[107],"select":[113],"nonself-clusters.":[114],"second":[116],"prioritize":[120],"abnormal":[122],"points":[123],"(nonself-antigens":[124],"not":[127],"clustered)":[128],"as":[129],"centers":[131],"generate":[137,147],"via":[140,150,156],"calculation.":[141],"third":[143],"algorithm.":[153],"Detector":[154],"steps":[159],"can":[160,201],"reduce":[161],"randomness":[163],"improving":[173],"efficiency":[175],"generation.":[178],"experimental":[180],"results":[181],"demonstrate":[182],"BCW":[186],"KDD-Cup":[188],"datasets,":[189],"effectively":[202],"increase":[203],"detection":[205],"rate":[206,211],"while":[207],"reducing":[208],"false-positive":[210],"compared":[212],"with":[213],"(RNSA)":[219],"two":[221],"improved":[222],"at":[224],"same":[226],"expected":[227],"coverage.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}