{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009447753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975877","title":"A Content-Based Method for Sybil Detection in Online Social Networks via Deep Learning","display_name":"A Content-Based Method for Sybil Detection in Online Social Networks via Deep Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009447753","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975877","mag":"3009447753"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975877","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007376.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007376.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102927040","display_name":"Tianyu Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-8373"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyu Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5330-8373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602679","display_name":"Jin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-8550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5995-8550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cybersecurity, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041207801","display_name":"Wenjun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-3319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1171-3319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076328427","display_name":"Luyu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-6236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1255-6236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076412169","display_name":"Yihao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-9024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4401-9024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004401506","display_name":"Fangchuan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5395"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangchuan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6467-5395","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Software Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.0402,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95647785,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"38753","last_page":"38766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12380","display_name":"Authorship Attribution and Profiling","score":0.9894999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8541427850723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.8131190538406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5433926582336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5335408449172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.51311194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5089051723480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sybil-attack","display_name":"Sybil attack","score":0.48239195346832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40076014399528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3547305464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.1671038269996643}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8541427850723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8131190538406372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5433926582336426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5335408449172974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.51311194896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5089051723480225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777505653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4470796","display_name":"Sybil attack","level":3,"score":0.48239195346832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40076014399528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3547305464744568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.1671038269996643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975877","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007376.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:deb58ebf58984c9fbecf09a06af5fc36","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/deb58ebf58984c9fbecf09a06af5fc36","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 38753-38766 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975877","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975877","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007376.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121298045","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u7f51\u7edc\u5a01\u80c1\u514d\u75ab\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61872254","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3047572800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014JY0036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G45381631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YJ201727","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6069300713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JY0913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009447753.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009447753.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1551760018","https://openalex.org/W1781642226","https://openalex.org/W1849719402","https://openalex.org/W1963383688","https://openalex.org/W2016707451","https://openalex.org/W2025212824","https://openalex.org/W2034279876","https://openalex.org/W2083951363","https://openalex.org/W2090212887","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2098395374","https://openalex.org/W2099399367","https://openalex.org/W2110801527","https://openalex.org/W2118765159","https://openalex.org/W2120111750","https://openalex.org/W2134456669","https://openalex.org/W2153305401","https://openalex.org/W2163764145","https://openalex.org/W2168508162","https://openalex.org/W2320041883","https://openalex.org/W2366857100","https://openalex.org/W2504251035","https://openalex.org/W2509798866","https://openalex.org/W2592285610","https://openalex.org/W2752582747","https://openalex.org/W2764040154","https://openalex.org/W2786585825","https://openalex.org/W2899085984","https://openalex.org/W2900012117","https://openalex.org/W2911486422","https://openalex.org/W2951375073","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2962960408","https://openalex.org/W2963454111","https://openalex.org/W2977540023","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6633006935","https://openalex.org/W6638049533","https://openalex.org/W6641289602","https://openalex.org/W6674330103","https://openalex.org/W6684716366","https://openalex.org/W6739879593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899027234","https://openalex.org/W4323060069","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W2947839263","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W3120400911","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Online":[0],"social":[1],"networks":[2],"(OSNs)":[3],"are":[4,189],"generally":[5],"susceptible":[6],"to":[7,32,58,109,154,172,191,223],"Sybil":[8,35,38,85],"attack,":[9],"which":[10,72,92,219],"causes":[11],"a":[12,105,135],"series":[13],"of":[14,65,75,215,231],"cybersecurity":[15],"problems":[16],"and":[17,26,52,68,78,128,186],"privacy":[18],"violations.":[19],"Malicious":[20],"attackers":[21],"can":[22],"create":[23],"massive":[24],"Sybils":[25,60],"further":[27],"utilize":[28],"those":[29],"fake":[30],"identities":[31],"launch":[33],"various":[34],"attacks.":[36],"Therefore,":[37],"detection":[39,86],"in":[40,134],"OSNs":[41],"has":[42],"become":[43],"an":[44,116],"urgent":[45],"security":[46],"research":[47],"problem":[48,87],"for":[49],"both":[50],"academia":[51],"industries.":[53],"The":[54,112,138],"existing":[55],"content-based":[56,107],"methods":[57,82],"detect":[59,110],"base":[61],"on":[62],"the":[63,84,97,125,131,146,159,164,177,183,193,197,205,212,224,228,232,235],"combination":[64],"manual-design":[66],"features":[67,122,157,175],"machine":[69],"learning":[70],"algorithms,":[71],"requires":[73],"lots":[74],"professional":[76],"experiences":[77],"human":[79],"effort.":[80],"These":[81],"divide":[83],"into":[88],"two":[89],"piece-wise":[90],"sub-problems,":[91],"prevents":[93],"us":[94],"from":[95,124,158,176],"getting":[96],"optimal":[98],"solution.":[99],"In":[100],"this":[101],"work,":[102],"we":[103],"propose":[104],"novel":[106],"method":[108,114,140,241],"Sybils.":[111],"proposed":[113,139,206],"is":[115,152,170],"end-to-end":[117],"classification":[118,132,194],"model":[119],"that":[120,239],"extracts":[121],"directly":[123],"input":[126,161],"data,":[127],"then":[129],"output":[130,192],"results":[133],"unified":[136],"framework.":[137],"includes":[141],"three":[142],"main":[143],"parts:":[144],"first,":[145],"self-normalizing":[147,166],"convolutional":[148],"neural":[149],"network":[150,168,203,208],"(CNN)":[151],"adopted":[153],"extract":[155,173],"lower":[156],"multi-dimensional":[160],"data;":[162],"second,":[163],"bidirectional":[165,199],"LSTM":[167],"(bi-SN-LSTM)":[169],"developed":[171],"higher":[174],"compressed":[178],"feature":[179],"map":[180],"sequence;":[181],"third,":[182],"dense":[184],"layer":[185],"softmax":[187],"classifier":[188],"stacked":[190],"results.":[195],"Unlike":[196],"traditional":[198],"long":[200],"short-term":[201],"memory":[202],"(bi-LSTM),":[204],"bi-SN-LSTM":[207],"utilizes":[209],"SELU":[210],"as":[211],"activation":[213],"function":[214],"its":[216],"recurrent":[217],"step,":[218],"provides":[220],"unbounded":[221],"changes":[222],"state":[225],"value.":[226],"Through":[227],"case":[229],"study":[230],"real-world":[233],"dataset,":[234],"comparison":[236],"experiments":[237],"demonstrate":[238],"our":[240],"significantly":[242],"outperforms":[243],"other":[244],"state-of-the-art":[245],"methods.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-20T07:56:41.581041","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
