{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3007994488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975848","title":"A Framework for Schizophrenia EEG Signal Classification With Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms","display_name":"A Framework for Schizophrenia EEG Signal Classification With Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3007994488","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975848","mag":"3007994488"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975848","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007451.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007451.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102743010","display_name":"Sunil Kumar Prabhakar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunil Kumar Prabhakar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-2345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022354867","display_name":"Harikumar Rajaguru","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-0945"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikumar Rajaguru","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2792-0945","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011014617","display_name":"Seong\u2013Whan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-4996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Whan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6249-4996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.4563,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95655564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"39875","last_page":"39897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6623730063438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6303556561470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6207343339920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5366280674934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.4842533767223358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuckoo-search","display_name":"Cuckoo search","score":0.4799511730670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4726119339466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.4420194625854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4168713092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32972633838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.17777100205421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.08811414241790771}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6623730063438416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6303556561470032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6207343339920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5366280674934387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.4842533767223358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117241572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5192379","display_name":"Cuckoo search","level":3,"score":0.4799511730670929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4726119339466095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.4420194625854492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4168713092803955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32972633838653564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.17777100205421448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.08811414241790771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975848","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007451.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b6592df8879745bb81fa2632e07c1301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b6592df8879745bb81fa2632e07c1301","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 39875-39897 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975848","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975848","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007451.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1067038318","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2019-0-00079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2768665934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","funder_display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2804209865","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019\u20130\u201300079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2953128317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321373","funder_display_name":"Korea University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3370268631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337041","funder_display_name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5425843222","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 2019-0-00079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8436554242","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019-0-00079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321373","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334879","display_name":"Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03z9cwa38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337041","display_name":"Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007994488.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3007994488.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W34666803","https://openalex.org/W608828860","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1500686888","https://openalex.org/W1531750674","https://openalex.org/W1969123175","https://openalex.org/W1978683658","https://openalex.org/W1988265553","https://openalex.org/W1989746184","https://openalex.org/W1994443280","https://openalex.org/W1998302204","https://openalex.org/W2001525166","https://openalex.org/W2006114596","https://openalex.org/W2030410423","https://openalex.org/W2032067190","https://openalex.org/W2047511931","https://openalex.org/W2049676210","https://openalex.org/W2057099110","https://openalex.org/W2071669229","https://openalex.org/W2078089557","https://openalex.org/W2078923665","https://openalex.org/W2081145971","https://openalex.org/W2082657555","https://openalex.org/W2091092758","https://openalex.org/W2092610789","https://openalex.org/W2104462458","https://openalex.org/W2123623728","https://openalex.org/W2129732871","https://openalex.org/W2146439308","https://openalex.org/W2162516968","https://openalex.org/W2162542023","https://openalex.org/W2163939823","https://openalex.org/W2236380021","https://openalex.org/W2289075896","https://openalex.org/W2343617890","https://openalex.org/W2416750880","https://openalex.org/W2482589566","https://openalex.org/W2533807510","https://openalex.org/W2599201202","https://openalex.org/W2751410436","https://openalex.org/W2756860218","https://openalex.org/W2763633631","https://openalex.org/W2765569703","https://openalex.org/W2775399334","https://openalex.org/W2963568316","https://openalex.org/W2972669947","https://openalex.org/W4237134732","https://openalex.org/W6601400226","https://openalex.org/W6670716837","https://openalex.org/W6675606339","https://openalex.org/W6768055792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978568284","https://openalex.org/W2102833174","https://openalex.org/W2753354457","https://openalex.org/W2742451303","https://openalex.org/W2329556607","https://openalex.org/W3013665388","https://openalex.org/W2905415873","https://openalex.org/W4220814209","https://openalex.org/W2901222946","https://openalex.org/W2032664813"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"One":[0],"of":[1,7,16,35,70,82,92,180,214,245],"the":[2,8,13,24,68,90,93,105],"severe":[3],"and":[4,27,45,48,62,85,136,166,184,205,236],"prolonged":[5],"disorder":[6],"human":[9],"brain":[10,83,94],"which":[11],"disturbs":[12],"behavioral":[14],"characteristics":[15],"an":[17,96],"individual":[18,189,219],"completely":[19],"such":[20,38,118,151],"as":[21,39,119,152],"interruption":[22],"in":[23,95],"thinking":[25],"process":[26],"speech":[28,44],"is":[29,32,64,86,216,247],"schizophrenia.":[30],"It":[31],"a":[33,56,80,211,242],"manifestation":[34],"many":[36],"symptoms":[37],"hallucinations,":[40],"functional":[41],"deterioration,":[42],"disorganized":[43],"hearing":[46],"sounds":[47],"speeches":[49],"that":[50,192,222],"are":[51,116,144,174,229],"non-existent.":[52],"In":[53,109],"this":[54,110],"paper,":[55,111],"computerized":[57],"approach":[58],"based":[59,130],"on":[60],"optimization":[61,149,164,169,203,234],"classification":[63,69,212,243],"done":[65],"to":[66,88,103],"analyze":[67,79,104],"schizophrenia":[71,106,224],"from":[72],"Electroencephalography":[73],"(EEG)":[74],"signals.":[75,108],"As":[76],"EEG":[77,107],"can":[78,100],"lot":[81],"disorders":[84],"used":[87,102],"study":[89],"diseases":[91],"in-depth":[97],"manner,":[98],"it":[99],"be":[101],"three":[112],"feature":[113],"extraction":[114],"techniques":[115],"employed":[117],"Partial":[120],"Least":[121],"Squares":[122],"(PLS)":[123],"Non":[124],"linear":[125],"Regression":[126],"technique,":[127],"Expectation":[128],"Maximization":[129],"Principal":[131],"Component":[132],"Analysis":[133],"(EM-PCA)":[134],"technique":[135],"Isometric":[137],"Mapping":[138],"(Isomap)":[139],"technique.":[140],"The":[141,171,188,218],"extracted":[142],"features":[143,197,228],"further":[145],"optimized":[146,172,199,230],"with":[147,177,200,207,231,238],"four":[148],"algorithms":[150],"Flower":[153,232],"Pollination":[154,233],"algorithm,":[155,161],"Eagle":[156],"strategy":[157],"using":[158],"different":[159],"evolution":[160],"Backtracking":[162,201],"search":[163,168,202],"algorithm":[165,204,235],"Group":[167],"algorithm.":[170],"values":[173],"then":[175],"classified":[176,206,237],"varied":[178],"versions":[179],"both":[181],"Adaboost":[182,209,240],"classifier":[183],"Na\u00efve":[185],"Bayesian":[186],"Classifier.":[187],"results":[190,220],"show":[191,221],"for":[193,223],"normal":[194],"cases,":[195],"Isomap":[196,227],"when":[198,226],"Modest":[208],"classifier,":[210,241],"accuracy":[213,244],"98.77%":[215,246],"obtained.":[217,248],"case,":[225],"Real":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
