{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3009899240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975828","title":"Multi-Feature Fusion and Enhancement Single Shot Detector for Traffic Sign Recognition","display_name":"Multi-Feature Fusion and Enhancement Single Shot Detector for Traffic Sign Recognition","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3009899240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975828","mag":"3009899240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975828","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007360.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007360.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102220191","display_name":"Yanmei Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanmei Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2067-4347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088807907","display_name":"Yusheng Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-874X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yusheng Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6786-874X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049463786","display_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenqin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024638568","display_name":"Jinhong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-3150"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2659-3150","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019325315","display_name":"Chunhui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-6530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1795-6530","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101716145","display_name":"Xin Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-522X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104252","display_name":"Air Force Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00seraz22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Engineering University, Xian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Engineering University, Xian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104252"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.3968,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":107,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96752973,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"38931","last_page":"38940"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8361471891403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.7714561820030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7012435793876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.6670548915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.662928581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6151810884475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advanced-driver-assistance-systems","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","score":0.5372163653373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5086480379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.48169073462486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4775555729866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4475831389427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-shot","display_name":"Single shot","score":0.442806601524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.442624032497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.42721283435821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.4139842092990875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.33284619450569153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8361471891403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.7714561820030212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7012435793876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.6670548915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.662928581237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6151810884475708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87833898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1060280","display_name":"Advanced driver assistance systems","level":2,"score":0.5372163653373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5086480379104614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.48169073462486267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4775555729866028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4475831389427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019835501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1310130","display_name":"Single shot","level":2,"score":0.442806601524353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.442624032497406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.42721283435821533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.4139842092990875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.33284619450569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975828","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007360.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d804e8d18fca464da094225bd80e529c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d804e8d18fca464da094225bd80e529c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 38931-38940 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2975828","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2975828","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09007360.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009899240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3009899240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64181595","https://openalex.org/W401751405","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1982898277","https://openalex.org/W1987857333","https://openalex.org/W2001254915","https://openalex.org/W2002427601","https://openalex.org/W2012742472","https://openalex.org/W2046812143","https://openalex.org/W2052533453","https://openalex.org/W2077199100","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2109255472","https://openalex.org/W2111502429","https://openalex.org/W2117876524","https://openalex.org/W2148308609","https://openalex.org/W2150581781","https://openalex.org/W2150843659","https://openalex.org/W2182198985","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2279251979","https://openalex.org/W2288122362","https://openalex.org/W2579152745","https://openalex.org/W2590838644","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2728362886","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2759636792","https://openalex.org/W2773412982","https://openalex.org/W2773495332","https://openalex.org/W2807183728","https://openalex.org/W2943159229","https://openalex.org/W2947304242","https://openalex.org/W2950800384","https://openalex.org/W2962992847","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963058975","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963809933","https://openalex.org/W3099576037","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W6714138976","https://openalex.org/W6746776673","https://openalex.org/W6967100175"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2107986535","https://openalex.org/W2129987407","https://openalex.org/W3111239497"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Road":[0],"traffic":[1,43,95,125,143],"sign":[2,20,44],"detection":[3,57,134],"and":[4,38,82,138],"recognition":[5],"play":[6],"an":[7,28],"important":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,62,70,92,122,141],"advanced":[11],"driver":[12],"assistance":[13],"systems":[14],"(ADAS)":[15],"by":[16,77],"providing":[17],"real-time":[18,94],"road":[19],"perception":[21],"information.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26],"propose":[27],"improved":[29],"(Single":[30],"Shot":[31],"Detector)":[32],"SSD":[33],"algorithm":[34,88,100,119],"via":[35],"multi-feature":[36],"fusion":[37],"enhancement,":[39],"named":[40],"MF-SSD,":[41],"for":[42],"recognition.":[45],"First,":[46],"low-level":[47],"features":[48,53,69,81],"are":[49],"fused":[50],"into":[51],"high-level":[52],"to":[54,73],"improve":[55],"the":[56,63,68,75,104,117],"performance":[58],"of":[59],"small":[60,124],"targets":[61],"SSD.":[64],"We":[65],"then":[66],"enhance":[67],"different":[71],"channels":[72],"detect":[74],"target":[76],"enhancing":[78],"effective":[79],"channel":[80,85],"suppressing":[83],"invalid":[84],"features.":[86],"Our":[87],"gets":[89],"good":[90],"results":[91,114],"domestic":[93],"signs.":[96,126],"The":[97,112],"proposed":[98],"MF-SSD":[99,118],"is":[101],"evaluated":[102],"with":[103,128],"German":[105],"Traffic":[106],"Sign":[107],"Recognition":[108],"Benchmark":[109],"(GTSRB)":[110],"dataset.":[111],"experimental":[113],"show":[115],"that":[116],"has":[120],"advantages":[121],"detecting":[123],"Compared":[127],"existing":[129],"methods,":[130],"it":[131],"achieves":[132],"higher":[133],"accuracy,":[135],"better":[136,139],"efficiency,":[137],"robustness":[140],"complex":[142],"environment.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
