{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3008825443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974584","title":"Interference Alignment for MIMO Downlink Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Interference Alignment for MIMO Downlink Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3008825443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974584","mag":"3008825443"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2974584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974584","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09000930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09000930.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737633","display_name":"Wei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-340X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang, China","State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4381-340X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077192292","display_name":"Linge Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-8772"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800372957","display_name":"China Electronics Technology Group Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/0098hst83","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linge Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang, China","State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3223-8772","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Communication Networks Laboratory, The 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Shijiazhuang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800372957"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratories of ISN, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103119630","display_name":"Jiaxing Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095084","display_name":"Zhongji Test Equipment (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00p24re17","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Xing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Flight Test Establishment, Xi\u2019an, China","China Flight Test Establishment, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8138-6659","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Flight Test Establishment, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Flight Test Establishment, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095084"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100737633"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I2800372957"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7282,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69768891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"35090","last_page":"35104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7618889808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6814653873443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.6716102361679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6573182344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.5919960141181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.5659953355789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.528374433517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4876388609409332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference-alignment","display_name":"Interference alignment","score":0.4417181611061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigendecomposition-of-a-matrix","display_name":"Eigendecomposition of a matrix","score":0.4281255304813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4247416853904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.41901564598083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-antenna-interference-cancellation","display_name":"Single antenna interference cancellation","score":0.4164350628852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eigenvalues-and-eigenvectors","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","score":0.35209494829177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3235395848751068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2615067958831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2082037329673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.19739866256713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.174796462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.16674479842185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13224443793296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.10526520013809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07345286011695862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7618889808654785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6814653873443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.6716102361679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6573182344436646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.5919960141181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.5659953355789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.528374433517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4876388609409332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982854036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference alignment","level":4,"score":0.4417181611061096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169756996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194919","display_name":"Eigendecomposition of a matrix","level":3,"score":0.4281255304813385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4247416853904724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.41901564598083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83204339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7523915","display_name":"Single antenna interference cancellation","level":3,"score":0.4164350628852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.35209494829177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3235395848751068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2615067958831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2082037329673767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.19739866256713867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.174796462059021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.16674479842185974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13224443793296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.10526520013809204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07345286011695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2974584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974584","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09000930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0de0d76e09684926b62223b13d37d91e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0de0d76e09684926b62223b13d37d91e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 35090-35104 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2974584","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974584","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/09000930.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5839704358","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871452","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1906137891","https://openalex.org/W1979408141","https://openalex.org/W2012998414","https://openalex.org/W2023215575","https://openalex.org/W2074526694","https://openalex.org/W2077953277","https://openalex.org/W2098363461","https://openalex.org/W2100544108","https://openalex.org/W2106549261","https://openalex.org/W2132410371","https://openalex.org/W2136530738","https://openalex.org/W2154782861","https://openalex.org/W2162889244","https://openalex.org/W2164168142","https://openalex.org/W2171681635","https://openalex.org/W2508426935","https://openalex.org/W2533153119","https://openalex.org/W2553379155","https://openalex.org/W2800861779","https://openalex.org/W2803866173","https://openalex.org/W2913342066","https://openalex.org/W2963132464","https://openalex.org/W2965273915"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210866488","https://openalex.org/W1529526802","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W2070543436","https://openalex.org/W2138617844","https://openalex.org/W2073404794","https://openalex.org/W2355116737","https://openalex.org/W2040700227","https://openalex.org/W2982345772"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,142],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,46,91,128],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,10,18,31,59,71,74,84,108,115,120,131,149,155,171,179],"interference":[6,53],"alignment":[7,54],"schemes":[8],"for":[9,36,70,139,178],"downlink":[11],"of":[12,27,33,76,86,110,136,154,170],"a":[13,48,66],"heterogeneous":[14],"network":[15],"(HetNet),":[16],"where":[17,73],"macro":[19,28,37],"base":[20],"station":[21],"(BS)":[22],"can":[23,42,106,145],"serve":[24],"arbitrary":[25],"number":[26,32,75,85,109],"users.":[29],"Furthermore,":[30,69],"data":[34],"streams":[35],"users":[38,41],"and":[39,57,61],"pico":[40,79,116],"be":[43,146],"different.":[44],"Firstly,":[45],"propose":[47,92],"basic":[49,121,172],"grouping":[50,100,122,158,173],"method":[51,101,123,159,174],"aided":[52,102,124,160,175],"(IA)":[55],"scheme":[56,104,162,177],"derive":[58,130],"transmit":[60,111],"receiver":[62],"beamforming":[63],"matrices":[64],"in":[65],"closed-form":[67],"expression.":[68],"case":[72],"antennas":[77,87,112],"at":[78,88,114],"BS":[80,117],"is":[81,163],"equal":[82,167],"to":[83,119,168],"each":[89,140],"user,":[90],"an":[93],"advanced":[94],"generalized":[95],"eigenvalue":[96],"decomposition":[97],"(GEVD)":[98],"based":[99,157],"IA":[103,125,161,176],"which":[105],"reduce":[107],"required":[113],"compared":[118],"scheme.":[126,141],"Moreover,":[127],"also":[129],"maximum":[132,150],"total":[133,151],"achievable":[134,152],"degrees":[135],"freedom":[137],"(DoF)":[138],"addition,":[143],"it":[144],"proved":[147],"that":[148,169],"DoF":[153],"GEVD":[156],"higher":[164],"than":[165],"or":[166],"same":[180],"configuration.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
