{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006400287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974038","title":"Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization With Integrated Fingerprint Signal","display_name":"Smartphone-Based Indoor Localization With Integrated Fingerprint Signal","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006400287","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974038","mag":"3006400287"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2974038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999585.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999585.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044391608","display_name":"Peihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-6543"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-6543","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103027915","display_name":"Yang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-1272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9832-1272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013474497","display_name":"Yuqing Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3296-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqing Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101542915","display_name":"Shouwan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-2350"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shouwan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3379-2350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101892517","display_name":"Qiang Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1198-0158"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People\u2019s Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mine Digitization Engineering Research Center of Minstry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.7446,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95716507,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"33178","last_page":"33187"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8432633876800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.6882769465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.5620232224464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.5160569548606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5013077259063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.48640111088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indoor-positioning-system","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","score":0.4853443205356598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint-recognition","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","score":0.4823124408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.43300601840019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertial-measurement-unit","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","score":0.4211735129356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38576778769493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accelerometer","display_name":"Accelerometer","score":0.3539605736732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32220494747161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1642880141735077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8432633876800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6882769465446472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5620232224464417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.5160569548606873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5013077259063721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.48640111088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777486483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6026477","display_name":"Indoor positioning system","level":3,"score":0.4853443205356598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.4823124408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.43300601840019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79061980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q941680","display_name":"Inertial measurement unit","level":2,"score":0.4211735129356384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38576778769493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89805583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192940","display_name":"Accelerometer","level":2,"score":0.3539605736732483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32220494747161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1642880141735077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2974038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999585.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b71540f389d64c6d9335b5f787af2a6c","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b71540f389d64c6d9335b5f787af2a6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 33178-33187 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2974038","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2974038","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999585.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7763130239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017XKQY043","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006400287.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006400287.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W181012569","https://openalex.org/W636742550","https://openalex.org/W848133049","https://openalex.org/W1535694013","https://openalex.org/W1542815056","https://openalex.org/W1551517259","https://openalex.org/W1562184564","https://openalex.org/W1929068809","https://openalex.org/W1978200836","https://openalex.org/W2044846595","https://openalex.org/W2088739204","https://openalex.org/W2104760968","https://openalex.org/W2116068514","https://openalex.org/W2164747455","https://openalex.org/W2167024399","https://openalex.org/W2290145898","https://openalex.org/W2333586911","https://openalex.org/W2502926587","https://openalex.org/W2516815969","https://openalex.org/W2527915468","https://openalex.org/W2732107624","https://openalex.org/W2739582838","https://openalex.org/W2782134647","https://openalex.org/W2834022868","https://openalex.org/W2896442862","https://openalex.org/W2919180760","https://openalex.org/W2928639960","https://openalex.org/W6684491223"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341338763","https://openalex.org/W2950183183","https://openalex.org/W2030799363","https://openalex.org/W2032415964","https://openalex.org/W2288425735","https://openalex.org/W2349923317","https://openalex.org/W4317418868","https://openalex.org/W2139465372","https://openalex.org/W2123742333","https://openalex.org/W3179445630"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"localization":[1,12,75,95,122],"of":[2,19,58,61,94,137,180,195,199],"smartphones":[3],"has":[4],"received":[5,39],"much":[6],"attention":[7],"recently":[8],"and":[9,28,47,72,104,117,139,141,152],"the":[10,55,92,143,153,177,193,203],"smartphone":[11],"is":[13,102,210,215],"essential":[14],"to":[15,68,106,191,218],"a":[16,70,98],"wide":[17],"range":[18],"applications":[20],"in":[21,54,65,188,207],"office":[22],"buildings,":[23],"nursing":[24],"homes,":[25],"parking":[26],"lots,":[27],"other":[29],"public":[30],"places.":[31],"Existing":[32],"solutions":[33],"relying":[34,96],"on":[35,97],"inertial":[36],"sensors":[37],"or":[38],"signal":[40],"strength":[41,120],"suffer":[42],"from":[43,84],"large":[44],"location":[45],"errors":[46],"poor":[48],"stability.":[49],"We":[50,77,184],"observe":[51],"an":[52,111,133],"opportunity":[53],"recent":[56],"trend":[57],"increasing":[59],"numbers":[60],"wireless":[62,85],"transmitters":[63,86],"installed":[64],"indoor":[66,74,88,221],"spaces":[67],"design":[69],"precise":[71],"robust":[73],"solution.":[76],"can":[78],"extract":[79],"fine-grained":[80],"channel":[81,113],"state":[82,114],"information":[83,115],"for":[87,129,149,159],"fingerprint":[89,135,161],"localization.":[90],"However,":[91],"accuracy":[93,128,171],"single":[99],"physical":[100],"quantity":[101],"limited":[103],"difficult":[105],"self-correct.":[107],"This":[108],"study":[109],"proposes":[110,142],"integrated":[112,134],"(CSI)":[116],"magnetic":[118],"field":[119],"(MFS)":[121],"method":[123],"(CSMS)":[124],"that":[125,202],"achieves":[126],"sub-meter":[127],"smartphones.":[130],"CSMS":[131,168],"constructs":[132],"map":[136],"CSI":[138],"MFS":[140],"Local":[144],"Dynamic":[145],"Time":[146],"Warping":[147],"algorithm":[148,158],"geomagnetic":[150],"tracking":[151],"Multi-Module":[154],"Data":[155],"k-Nearest":[156],"Neighbor":[157],"fusion":[160],"dynamic":[162],"weighted":[163],"comparison.":[164],"By":[165],"doing":[166],"so,":[167],"outputs":[169],"enhanced":[170],"with":[172],"low":[173],"cost,":[174],"while":[175],"overcoming":[176],"respective":[178],"drawbacks":[179],"each":[181],"individual":[182],"sub-system.":[183],"conduct":[185],"extensive":[186],"experiments":[187],"two":[189],"scenarios":[190,209],"validate":[192],"performance":[194],"CSMS.":[196],"The":[197],"results":[198],"experimental":[200],"show":[201],"mean":[204],"distance":[205],"error":[206],"both":[208],"less":[211],"than":[212],"0.5m":[213],"which":[214],"significantly":[216],"superior":[217],"existing":[219],"smartphone-based":[220],"positioning":[222],"methods.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T08:27:34.040176","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}