{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006227201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973928","title":"Named Entity Extraction for Knowledge Graphs: A Literature Overview","display_name":"Named Entity Extraction for Knowledge Graphs: A Literature Overview","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006227201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973928","mag":"3006227201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973928","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999622.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999622.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008839357","display_name":"Tareq Al-Moslmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5296-2709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Al-Moslmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084657105","display_name":"Marc Gallofr\u00e9 Oca\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7637-3303"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marc Gallofre Ocana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065228901","display_name":"Andreas L. Opdahl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3141-1385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas L. Opdahl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089398772","display_name":"Csaba Veres","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-8473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4432739","display_name":"University of Bergen","ror":"https://ror.org/03zga2b32","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Csaba Veres","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Science and Media Studies, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008839357"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4432739"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.0185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":213,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99205929,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"32862","last_page":"32881"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity-recognition","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","score":0.867135763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8229629993438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entity-linking","display_name":"Entity linking","score":0.742637038230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-extraction","display_name":"Information extraction","score":0.7312451004981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-graph","display_name":"Knowledge graph","score":0.7035582065582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/named-entity","display_name":"Named entity","score":0.6560279726982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.6342800855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6091525554656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5889390110969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4957920014858246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.48699861764907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.47882869839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-understanding","display_name":"Natural language understanding","score":0.46005672216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-extraction","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","score":0.45095932483673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"Knowledge base","score":0.17796078324317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.17712292075157166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779135771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q403574","display_name":"Named-entity recognition","level":3,"score":0.867135763168335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8229629993438721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.742637038230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195807954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662562","display_name":"Information extraction","level":2,"score":0.7312451004981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987255567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33002955","display_name":"Knowledge graph","level":2,"score":0.7035582065582275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777889803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25047676","display_name":"Named entity","level":2,"score":0.6560279726982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.6342800855636597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6091525554656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5889390110969543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4957920014858246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.48699861764907837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.47882869839668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779439875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Natural language understanding","level":3,"score":0.46005672216415405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.45095932483673096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.17796078324317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.17712292075157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973928","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999622.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bora.uib.no:11250/2730423","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2730423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c207953683e0435ca27585bf5796b659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c207953683e0435ca27585bf5796b659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 32862-32881 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973928","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973928","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08999622.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2043755427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"275872","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2096367874","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006227201.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006227201.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":183,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4508078","https://openalex.org/W11298561","https://openalex.org/W152377028","https://openalex.org/W177796033","https://openalex.org/W217162355","https://openalex.org/W295710475","https://openalex.org/W1538632262","https://openalex.org/W1574911124","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1659724737","https://openalex.org/W1718459485","https://openalex.org/W1784290353","https://openalex.org/W1851477384","https://openalex.org/W1885644152","https://openalex.org/W1964189668","https://openalex.org/W1968369130","https://openalex.org/W2009169514","https://openalex.org/W2013683403","https://openalex.org/W2015917093","https://openalex.org/W2020278455","https://openalex.org/W2026810221","https://openalex.org/W2031213082","https://openalex.org/W2040298842","https://openalex.org/W2068882115","https://openalex.org/W2081580037","https://openalex.org/W2085337304","https://openalex.org/W2085483704","https://openalex.org/W2096387239","https://openalex.org/W2115352105","https://openalex.org/W2119737821","https://openalex.org/W2123442489","https://openalex.org/W2123556395","https://openalex.org/W2127289991","https://openalex.org/W2130495108","https://openalex.org/W2130903752","https://openalex.org/W2132313482","https://openalex.org/W2136297100","https://openalex.org/W2137489006","https://openalex.org/W2143017621","https://openalex.org/W2143933463","https://openalex.org/W2148540243","https://openalex.org/W2151048449","https://openalex.org/W2151538516","https://openalex.org/W2160424986","https://openalex.org/W2162638401","https://openalex.org/W2163108052","https://openalex.org/W2165266976","https://openalex.org/W2169818249","https://openalex.org/W2182775229","https://openalex.org/W2196674927","https://openalex.org/W2228220715","https://openalex.org/W2240544104","https://openalex.org/W2250346262","https://openalex.org/W2250868722","https://openalex.org/W2251559320","https://openalex.org/W2260776682","https://openalex.org/W2295227292","https://openalex.org/W2331372792","https://openalex.org/W2337969891","https://openalex.org/W2395701147","https://openalex.org/W2396200542","https://openalex.org/W2415809604","https://openalex.org/W2469792262","https://openalex.org/W2470698596","https://openalex.org/W2471349142","https://openalex.org/W2509435444","https://openalex.org/W2517489125","https://openalex.org/W2523199059","https://openalex.org/W2524949478","https://openalex.org/W2528512298","https://openalex.org/W2529618370","https://openalex.org/W2529762009","https://openalex.org/W2547066600","https://openalex.org/W2570426407","https://openalex.org/W2572147858","https://openalex.org/W2576546819","https://openalex.org/W2588322767","https://openalex.org/W2594284271","https://openalex.org/W2612773933","https://openalex.org/W2613860661","https://openalex.org/W2615715286","https://openalex.org/W2622701666","https://openalex.org/W2752310529","https://openalex.org/W2756381707","https://openalex.org/W2757101400","https://openalex.org/W2766625505","https://openalex.org/W2767501021","https://openalex.org/W2768645204","https://openalex.org/W2770711471","https://openalex.org/W2771873754","https://openalex.org/W2782437235","https://openalex.org/W2785888191","https://openalex.org/W2788760202","https://openalex.org/W2789028911","https://openalex.org/W2789968828","https://openalex.org/W2790843555","https://openalex.org/W2790870061","https://openalex.org/W2791164948","https://openalex.org/W2793146680","https://openalex.org/W2797556127","https://openalex.org/W2798461238","https://openalex.org/W2799125718","https://openalex.org/W2799526193","https://openalex.org/W2805530665","https://openalex.org/W2807800730","https://openalex.org/W2809079601","https://openalex.org/W2829956526","https://openalex.org/W2839174743","https://openalex.org/W2852434548","https://openalex.org/W2857028992","https://openalex.org/W2880875857","https://openalex.org/W2884910431","https://openalex.org/W2885822746","https://openalex.org/W2888236192","https://openalex.org/W2889191148","https://openalex.org/W2890494294","https://openalex.org/W2891333118","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2899381163","https://openalex.org/W2899641520","https://openalex.org/W2901740403","https://openalex.org/W2906635035","https://openalex.org/W2912993660","https://openalex.org/W2926257912","https://openalex.org/W2941782264","https://openalex.org/W2945892998","https://openalex.org/W2949759300","https://openalex.org/W2949964925","https://openalex.org/W2950333738","https://openalex.org/W2950577311","https://openalex.org/W2951221758","https://openalex.org/W2951833028","https://openalex.org/W2962676330","https://openalex.org/W2962739339","https://openalex.org/W2963144640","https://openalex.org/W2963184844","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963633290","https://openalex.org/W2963691861","https://openalex.org/W2963863453","https://openalex.org/W2963972328","https://openalex.org/W2964075320","https://openalex.org/W2964266863","https://openalex.org/W2964351784","https://openalex.org/W2967882206","https://openalex.org/W2970119519","https://openalex.org/W2971810142","https://openalex.org/W3000487081","https://openalex.org/W4239696231","https://openalex.org/W4245861846","https://openalex.org/W4247911705","https://openalex.org/W4288374470","https://openalex.org/W6600479677","https://openalex.org/W6606140422","https://openalex.org/W6632289321","https://openalex.org/W6634281746","https://openalex.org/W6634514995","https://openalex.org/W6636510571","https://openalex.org/W6636757958","https://openalex.org/W6679372720","https://openalex.org/W6679734692","https://openalex.org/W6682141183","https://openalex.org/W6683847725","https://openalex.org/W6683950771","https://openalex.org/W6684293196","https://openalex.org/W6691616584","https://openalex.org/W6692591614","https://openalex.org/W6719858611","https://openalex.org/W6731801563","https://openalex.org/W6732414893","https://openalex.org/W6744233811","https://openalex.org/W6746510471","https://openalex.org/W6748108602","https://openalex.org/W6748971464","https://openalex.org/W6749107185","https://openalex.org/W6751130348","https://openalex.org/W6751859275","https://openalex.org/W6752788575","https://openalex.org/W6752795476","https://openalex.org/W6752909555","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6758292799","https://openalex.org/W6767138419"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186562580","https://openalex.org/W2155874911","https://openalex.org/W4255258373","https://openalex.org/W2032007337","https://openalex.org/W3000685722","https://openalex.org/W1884363728","https://openalex.org/W4253099099","https://openalex.org/W4386977977","https://openalex.org/W4200491110","https://openalex.org/W3006227201"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"enormous":[1],"amount":[2],"of":[3,52,69,111,186],"digital":[4],"information":[5,29],"is":[6,13,37,55,116,151,166],"expressed":[7],"as":[8],"natural-language":[9],"(NL)":[10],"text":[11],"that":[12,91,132,152,167,169,193],"not":[14],"easily":[15],"processable":[16],"by":[17],"computers.":[18],"Knowledge":[19],"Graphs":[20],"(KG)":[21],"offer":[22],"a":[23,118],"widely":[24],"used":[25],"format":[26],"for":[27,40,120],"representing":[28],"in":[30,61,72,173,179],"computer-processable":[31],"form.":[32],"Natural":[33],"Language":[34],"Processing":[35],"(NLP)":[36],"therefore":[38],"needed":[39],"mining":[41],"(or":[42],"lifting)":[43],"knowledge":[44],"graphs":[45],"from":[46,137],"NL":[47],"texts.":[48],"A":[49],"central":[50],"part":[51],"the":[53,58,62,109,149,164,190],"problem":[54],"to":[56,94,103,107,123],"extract":[57],"named":[59],"entities":[60,168],"text.":[63],"The":[64,183],"paper":[65],"presents":[66],"an":[67,143],"overview":[68],"recent":[70],"advances":[71],"this":[73],"area,":[74],"covering:":[75],"Named":[76,80,85],"Entity":[77,81,86],"Recognition":[78],"(NER),":[79],"Disambiguation":[82],"(NED),":[83],"and":[84,96,105,125,140,163],"Linking":[87],"(NEL).":[88],"We":[89,130],"comment":[90],"many":[92],"approaches":[93,102,192],"NED":[95],"NEL":[97,133],"are":[98,156,175,189],"based":[99],"on":[100],"older":[101],"NER":[104,113],"need":[106,119],"leverage":[108],"outputs":[110],"state-of-the-art":[112],"systems.":[114],"There":[115],"also":[117],"standard":[121],"methods":[122],"evaluate":[124],"compare":[126],"named-entity":[127],"extraction":[128],"approaches.":[129],"observe":[131],"has":[134],"recently":[135,195],"moved":[136],"being":[138,158,177],"stepwise":[139],"isolated":[141],"into":[142,160],"integrated":[144,159],"process":[145],"along":[146],"two":[147],"dimensions:":[148],"first":[150],"previously":[153,171],"sequential":[154],"steps":[155],"now":[157,176],"end-to-end":[161],"processes,":[162],"second":[165],"were":[170],"analysed":[172],"isolation":[174],"lifted":[178],"each":[180],"other's":[181],"context.":[182],"current":[184],"culmination":[185],"these":[187],"trends":[188],"deep-learning":[191],"have":[194],"reported":[196],"promising":[197],"results.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":54},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}