{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006548806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973750","title":"Characterizing the Occurrence of Dockerfile Smells in Open-Source Software: An Empirical Study","display_name":"Characterizing the Occurrence of Dockerfile Smells in Open-Source Software: An Empirical Study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006548806","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973750","mag":"3006548806"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973750","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998208.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015900743","display_name":"Yiwen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8652-116X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiwen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354667","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3111-1534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100453601","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8406-8672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101522100","display_name":"Huaimin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3245-1901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaimin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Laboratory, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Software Engineering for Complex Systems, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015900743"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.399,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96686412,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"34127","last_page":"34139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10260","display_name":"Software Engineering Research","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-smell","display_name":"Code smell","score":0.8900997638702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6918231844902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.4607354998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/empirical-research","display_name":"Empirical research","score":0.45958369970321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.45009148120880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.43129950761795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-maintenance","display_name":"Software maintenance","score":0.4229365587234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.41248369216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-quality","display_name":"Software quality","score":0.373337060213089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.08486402034759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.06988513469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06628939509391785}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133237599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2295111","display_name":"Code smell","level":5,"score":0.8900997638702393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6918231844902039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.4607354998588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.45958369970321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.45009148120880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.43129950761795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101317890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q940053","display_name":"Software maintenance","level":4,"score":0.4229365587234497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.41248369216918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117447612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412670","display_name":"Software quality","level":4,"score":0.373337060213089},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.08486402034759521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.06988513469696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06628939509391785}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973750","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ccd0208764af4345a45acc8a4ee02420","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ccd0208764af4345a45acc8a4ee02420","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 34127-34139 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973750","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973750","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998208.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1419295722","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"110190","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1757737338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702532","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702356746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006548806.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006548806.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W597036898","https://openalex.org/W1535654799","https://openalex.org/W1566773348","https://openalex.org/W1574680346","https://openalex.org/W1966769823","https://openalex.org/W1970017388","https://openalex.org/W2050604187","https://openalex.org/W2064653370","https://openalex.org/W2079451707","https://openalex.org/W2079708060","https://openalex.org/W2088760879","https://openalex.org/W2122414758","https://openalex.org/W2143594378","https://openalex.org/W2145680370","https://openalex.org/W2296335794","https://openalex.org/W2326454698","https://openalex.org/W2338720559","https://openalex.org/W2402800985","https://openalex.org/W2440056063","https://openalex.org/W2605856244","https://openalex.org/W2611573015","https://openalex.org/W2621143560","https://openalex.org/W2716571806","https://openalex.org/W2780783514","https://openalex.org/W2803395207","https://openalex.org/W2808642230","https://openalex.org/W2809191576","https://openalex.org/W2883950647","https://openalex.org/W2888072873","https://openalex.org/W2888322171","https://openalex.org/W2895799730","https://openalex.org/W2899118382","https://openalex.org/W2921498552","https://openalex.org/W2945943337","https://openalex.org/W2950481684","https://openalex.org/W2954449342","https://openalex.org/W2961123076","https://openalex.org/W2991805784","https://openalex.org/W3021353408","https://openalex.org/W3102273185","https://openalex.org/W3140103367","https://openalex.org/W4229716235","https://openalex.org/W4232332215","https://openalex.org/W4238083912","https://openalex.org/W4252284909","https://openalex.org/W6697144307","https://openalex.org/W6712920666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2017709030","https://openalex.org/W4241233223","https://openalex.org/W1988254449","https://openalex.org/W2076804800","https://openalex.org/W2061716101","https://openalex.org/W2014418158","https://openalex.org/W2886644922","https://openalex.org/W3136040660","https://openalex.org/W2119071075","https://openalex.org/W2993977687"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Dockerfile":[0,13,25,35,65,86,96,116],"plays":[1],"an":[2,45],"important":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,19,27,85],"the":[6,22,32,62,113],"Docker-based":[7],"software":[8,29,131],"development":[9],"process,":[10],"but":[11],"many":[12],"codes":[14,87],"are":[15,82],"infected":[16],"with":[17,74],"smells":[18,26,81,117],"practice.":[20],"Understanding":[21],"occurrence":[23,63,118],"of":[24,34,52,64,95,128],"open-source":[28],"can":[30],"benefit":[31],"practice":[33],"and":[36,72,88,111,119],"enhance":[37],"project":[38,75,120],"maintenance.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,108],"perform":[44],"empirical":[46],"study":[47],"on":[48],"a":[49,125],"large":[50],"dataset":[51],"6,334":[53],"projects":[54],"to":[55],"help":[56],"developers":[57],"gain":[58],"some":[59],"insights":[60],"into":[61],"smells,":[66],"including":[67],"its":[68],"coverage,":[69],"distribution,":[70],"co-occurrence,":[71],"correlation":[73],"characteristics.":[76,121],"Our":[77],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"very":[83],"common":[84],"there":[89],"exists":[90],"co-occurrence":[91],"between":[92,115],"different":[93],"types":[94],"smells.":[97],"Further,":[98],"using":[99],"linear":[100],"regression":[101],"analysis,":[102],"when":[103],"controlled":[104],"for":[105,130],"various":[106],"variables,":[107],"statistically":[109],"identify":[110],"quantify":[112],"relationships":[114],"We":[122],"also":[123],"provide":[124],"rich":[126],"resource":[127],"implications":[129],"practitioners.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
