{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005797892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973625","title":"DeepFood: Food Image Analysis and Dietary Assessment via Deep Model","display_name":"DeepFood: Food Image Analysis and Dietary Assessment via Deep Model","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005797892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973625","mag":"3005797892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973625","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998172.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019654551","display_name":"Landu Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3705-3670"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA","CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Landu Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036850630","display_name":"Bojia Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7041-7723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojia Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372152","display_name":"Xue Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5252-3442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101458684","display_name":"Chenxi Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100443068","display_name":"Kunhui Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7299-0814"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunhui Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019654551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505","https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":12.6206,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99045335,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"47477","last_page":"47489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10866","display_name":"Nutritional Studies and Diet","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11925","display_name":"Culinary Culture and Tourism","score":0.9621999859809875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7607808113098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7067050337791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6657329797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5931789875030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42417672276496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.41336914896965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.41201555728912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40823137760162354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7607808113098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7067050337791443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6657329797744751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5931789875030518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42417672276496887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41336914896965027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41201555728912354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40823137760162354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973625","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f7f9c33b9f9f4254b8d3556b9e8cb58f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f7f9c33b9f9f4254b8d3556b9e8cb58f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 47477-47489 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2973625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2973625","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08998172.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.75}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005797892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005797892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12634471","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1030521295","https://openalex.org/W1536680647","https://openalex.org/W1556540526","https://openalex.org/W1566135517","https://openalex.org/W1590510366","https://openalex.org/W1663963549","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1755227063","https://openalex.org/W1964856489","https://openalex.org/W1966385142","https://openalex.org/W1976047850","https://openalex.org/W1978132383","https://openalex.org/W1979008561","https://openalex.org/W2043458078","https://openalex.org/W2055527244","https://openalex.org/W2080745775","https://openalex.org/W2080783650","https://openalex.org/W2088049833","https://openalex.org/W2089439257","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100588357","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2103825558","https://openalex.org/W2108444897","https://openalex.org/W2109214277","https://openalex.org/W2111298664","https://openalex.org/W2113318243","https://openalex.org/W2135205315","https://openalex.org/W2144506857","https://openalex.org/W2147579455","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2160978182","https://openalex.org/W2162915993","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163969215","https://openalex.org/W2173414649","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2206370378","https://openalex.org/W2256138263","https://openalex.org/W2293499654","https://openalex.org/W2302255633","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2481356228","https://openalex.org/W2530422462","https://openalex.org/W2535808783","https://openalex.org/W2613718673","https://openalex.org/W2765652171","https://openalex.org/W2906926699","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2915108784","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2962691457","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6626776739","https://openalex.org/W6636961906","https://openalex.org/W6664275923","https://openalex.org/W6672807307","https://openalex.org/W6676079856","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6698183232","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973","https://openalex.org/W4380075502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Food":[0],"is":[1,212,225],"essential":[2],"for":[3,93],"human":[4],"life":[5],"and":[6,19,37,53,59,86,132,161,175,192,233,252,261],"has":[7],"been":[8],"the":[9,109,145,149,153,158,169,178,229,235,243],"concern":[10],"of":[11,102,124,171,200,249],"many":[12],"healthcare":[13],"conventions.":[14],"Nowadays":[15],"new":[16,198],"dietary":[17,54,164,236,251],"assessment":[18,55,165,237],"nutrition":[20,35],"analysis":[21],"tools":[22],"enable":[23],"more":[24],"opportunities":[25],"to":[26,57,77,227,257],"help":[27],"people":[28],"understand":[29],"their":[30,254],"daily":[31,64,255],"eating":[32],"habits,":[33],"exploring":[34],"patterns":[36],"maintain":[38],"a":[39,47,74,163,197,246],"healthy":[40,250],"diet.":[41],"In":[42,177],"this":[43],"paper,":[44],"we":[45,72,180],"develop":[46],"deep":[48,88],"model":[49,211],"based":[50,156,205],"food":[51,61,137,187,203,230],"recognition":[52,159],"system":[56,97,150,224],"study":[58],"analyze":[60,152],"items":[62,204,231],"from":[63,115],"meal":[65],"images":[66,81,106],"(e.g.,":[67],"captured":[68],"by":[69,82,107,126,167],"smartphone).":[70],"Specifically,":[71],"propose":[73],"three-step":[75],"algorithm":[76],"recognize":[78,228],"multi-item":[79],"(food)":[80],"detecting":[83],"candidate":[84],"regions":[85],"using":[87,184],"convolutional":[89],"neural":[90],"network":[91],"(CNN)":[92],"object":[94],"classification.":[95],"The":[96,210,218],"first":[98],"generates":[99],"multiple":[100],"region":[101,123],"proposals":[103,125],"on":[104,157,206],"input":[105],"applying":[108],"Region":[110],"Proposal":[111],"Network":[112],"(RPN)":[113],"derived":[114],"Faster":[116],"R-CNN":[117],"model.":[118],"It":[119],"then":[120],"indentifies":[121],"each":[122],"mapping":[127],"them":[128,134,143],"into":[129,135],"feature":[130],"maps,":[131],"classifies":[133],"different":[136,215],"categories,":[138],"as":[139,141],"well":[140],"locating":[142],"in":[144],"original":[146],"images.":[147],"Finally,":[148],"will":[151,241],"nutritional":[154],"ingredients":[155],"results":[160,220],"generate":[162,196,234],"report":[166,238],"calculating":[168],"amount":[170],"calories,":[172],"fat,":[173],"carbohydrate":[174],"protein.":[176],"evaluation,":[179],"conduct":[181],"extensive":[182],"experiments":[183],"two":[185],"popular":[186],"image":[188],"datasets":[189],"-":[190],"UEC-FOOD100":[191],"UEC-FOOD256.":[193],"We":[194],"also":[195],"type":[199],"dataset":[201],"about":[202],"FOOD101":[207],"with":[208,245],"bounding.":[209],"evaluated":[213],"through":[214],"evaluation":[216],"metrics.":[217],"experimental":[219],"show":[221],"that":[222],"our":[223],"able":[226],"accurately":[232],"efficiently,":[239],"which":[240],"benefit":[242],"users":[244],"clear":[247],"insight":[248],"guide":[253],"recipe":[256],"improve":[258],"body":[259],"health":[260],"wellness.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}