{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3006279055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972731","title":"Removing Cardiac Artifacts From Single-Channel Respiratory Electromyograms","display_name":"Removing Cardiac Artifacts From Single-Channel Respiratory Electromyograms","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3006279055","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972731","mag":"3006279055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2972731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972731","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08988257.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08988257.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064219363","display_name":"Eike Petersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-3868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Eike Petersen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-3868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033573732","display_name":"Julia Sauer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0562-4798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julia Sauer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0562-4798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jan Gra\u00dfhoff","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-0950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Gra\u00dfhoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6528-0950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011641162","display_name":"Philipp Rostalski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-168X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philipp Rostalski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0326-168X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universität zu Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Electrical Engineering in Medicine, Universit\u00e4t zu L\u00fcbeck, L\u00fcbeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064219363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7414,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83189715,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"30905","last_page":"30917"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6344623565673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6181467175483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artifact","display_name":"Artifact (error)","score":0.6056316494941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hilbert\u2013huang-transform","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","score":0.5828609466552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4746150076389313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.45478829741477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.44887542724609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.4367053508758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.43302056193351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtraction","display_name":"Subtraction","score":0.4172388017177582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4008343517780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24161890149116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.14797213673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.1434909999370575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.1386210024356842}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6344623565673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6181467175483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.6056316494941711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25570617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006462","display_name":"Hilbert\u2013Huang transform","level":3,"score":0.5828609466552734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4746150076389313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.45478829741477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.44887542724609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.4367053508758545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.43302056193351746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68060419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40754","display_name":"Subtraction","level":2,"score":0.4172388017177582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4008343517780304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24161890149116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.14797213673591614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.1434909999370575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.1386210024356842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2972731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972731","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08988257.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c86c45d959894c58b381f7764baffa20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c86c45d959894c58b381f7764baffa20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 30905-30917 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2972731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972731","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08988257.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006279055.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3006279055.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W79534203","https://openalex.org/W228380312","https://openalex.org/W327158061","https://openalex.org/W1755802015","https://openalex.org/W1774340177","https://openalex.org/W1863321496","https://openalex.org/W1971611612","https://openalex.org/W1971981854","https://openalex.org/W1977066927","https://openalex.org/W1988378121","https://openalex.org/W1988519016","https://openalex.org/W1996570997","https://openalex.org/W2002816941","https://openalex.org/W2007221293","https://openalex.org/W2013002270","https://openalex.org/W2022905067","https://openalex.org/W2039488821","https://openalex.org/W2056842952","https://openalex.org/W2086973807","https://openalex.org/W2094227853","https://openalex.org/W2094681201","https://openalex.org/W2095794158","https://openalex.org/W2096856225","https://openalex.org/W2115156609","https://openalex.org/W2116871167","https://openalex.org/W2117292497","https://openalex.org/W2120371872","https://openalex.org/W2121672555","https://openalex.org/W2127481129","https://openalex.org/W2132904166","https://openalex.org/W2145444715","https://openalex.org/W2146842127","https://openalex.org/W2152318928","https://openalex.org/W2157158609","https://openalex.org/W2157209869","https://openalex.org/W2160373533","https://openalex.org/W2162273778","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2163021136","https://openalex.org/W2169733352","https://openalex.org/W2177309137","https://openalex.org/W2210603640","https://openalex.org/W2263224228","https://openalex.org/W2269123721","https://openalex.org/W2295450700","https://openalex.org/W2327960307","https://openalex.org/W2467227409","https://openalex.org/W2577637173","https://openalex.org/W2600401051","https://openalex.org/W2755958401","https://openalex.org/W2758080665","https://openalex.org/W2787797505","https://openalex.org/W2788771517","https://openalex.org/W2790374560","https://openalex.org/W2947005395","https://openalex.org/W4232464081","https://openalex.org/W6603253531","https://openalex.org/W6611226674","https://openalex.org/W6677232603"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014107421","https://openalex.org/W2363056446","https://openalex.org/W2081563414","https://openalex.org/W2359718298","https://openalex.org/W2377062149","https://openalex.org/W2380939102","https://openalex.org/W154554909","https://openalex.org/W2148821883","https://openalex.org/W2905220255","https://openalex.org/W2361199810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electromyographic":[0],"(EMG)":[1],"measurements":[2,29,126],"of":[3,30,46,64,74,84,103,116,127,140,186,191,234,262],"the":[4,31,44,47,65,128,141,180,184,187,218,222,227,232,235,244,263,270],"respiratory":[5,15,129],"muscles":[6,35,130],"provide":[7,79],"a":[8,60,80,151,210,277],"convenient":[9],"and":[10,18,33,97,124,162,202],"noninvasive":[11],"way":[12],"to":[13,43,53,78,172,237],"assess":[14],"muscle":[16],"function":[17],"detect":[19],"patient":[20],"activity":[21,41],"during":[22],"assisted":[23],"mechanical":[24],"ventilation.":[25],"However,":[26],"surface":[27],"EMG":[28,95],"diaphragm":[32],"intercostal":[34],"are":[36,137,190],"substantially":[37],"contaminated":[38],"by":[39,226],"cardiac":[40,48,88,219],"due":[42],"vicinity":[45],"muscles.":[49],"Many":[50],"algorithmic":[51],"solutions":[52],"this":[54,75],"problem":[55],"have":[56],"been":[57],"proposed,":[58,100],"yet":[59],"conclusive":[61],"performance":[62,82,107,174,207,282],"comparison":[63,83],"most":[66],"promising":[67],"candidates":[68],"currently":[69],"is":[70,77,108],"missing.":[71],"The":[72,134],"objective":[73],"work":[76],"quantitative":[81],"six":[85],"previously":[86],"proposed":[87],"artifact":[89],"removal":[90],"algorithms":[91,136,167,178,195,229],"operating":[92],"on":[93,112,243,283],"single-channel":[94],"measurements,":[96],"two":[98,138,146],"newly":[99],"improved":[101],"versions":[102,139],"these":[104],"algorithms.":[105],"Algorithmic":[106],"evaluated":[109],"quantitatively":[110],"based":[111,160],"four":[113],"different":[114,173],"measures":[115],"separation":[117],"success,":[118],"using":[119],"both":[120],"synthetic":[121],"validation":[122],"signals":[123],"electromyographic":[125],"in":[131],"eight":[132],"subjects.":[133],"compared":[135],"empirical":[142,156,253],"template":[143],"subtraction":[144,177],"algorithm,":[145],"model-based":[147],"Bayesian":[148],"filtering":[149,194],"procedures,":[150],"wavelet":[152,200],"denoising":[153,204],"approach,":[154,161],"an":[155],"mode":[157],"decomposition":[158],"(EMD)":[159],"classical":[163],"high-pass":[164,198],"filtering.":[165],"Different":[166],"perform":[168],"well":[169],"with":[170,269],"respect":[171],"measures.":[175],"Template":[176],"yield":[179],"best":[181],"results":[182],"if":[183],"characteristics":[185],"raw":[188],"signal":[189],"interest,":[192],"while":[193],"like":[196],"simple":[197],"filtering,":[199],"denoising,":[201],"EMD-based":[203],"show":[205],"superior":[206],"for":[208,280],"calculating":[209],"cleaned":[211],"envelope":[212],"signal.":[213],"No":[214],"algorithm":[215,236,281],"completely":[216],"removes":[217],"interference,":[220],"but":[221],"characteristic":[223],"errors":[224],"introduced":[225],"considered":[228],"differ.":[230],"Hence,":[231],"choice":[233],"use":[238],"should":[239],"be":[240,258],"made":[241],"depending":[242],"target":[245],"application.":[246],"Finally,":[247],"we":[248],"also":[249],"demonstrate":[250],"that":[251],"our":[252],"SNR":[254],"measure,":[255],"which":[256],"can":[257],"calculated":[259],"without":[260],"knowledge":[261],"true,":[264],"undisturbed":[265],"signals,":[266],"correlates":[267],"strongly":[268],"exact":[271],"reconstruction":[272],"error.":[273],"Thus,":[274],"it":[275],"represents":[276],"reliable":[278],"indicator":[279],"real":[284],"measurement":[285],"data.":[286]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}