{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3005040739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972354","title":"SiMple: A Unified Single and Multi-Path Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks With Source Location Privacy","display_name":"SiMple: A Unified Single and Multi-Path Routing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks With Source Location Privacy","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3005040739","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972354","mag":"3005040739"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2972354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972354","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08986664.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08986664.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088743433","display_name":"M. Kamarei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-5113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170733385","display_name":"University of Applied Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04r58gt57","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170733385"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meisam Kamarei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-5113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Applied Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170733385"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004529123","display_name":"Ahmad Patooghy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-2797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32038505","display_name":"University of Central Arkansas","ror":"https://ror.org/029bp0k25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152127","display_name":"Conway School of Landscape Design","ror":"https://ror.org/04q7y8a54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Patooghy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2647-2797","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012619578","display_name":"Ahmad Alsharif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1060-1953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32038505","display_name":"University of Central Arkansas","ror":"https://ror.org/029bp0k25","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32038505"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152127","display_name":"Conway School of Landscape Design","ror":"https://ror.org/04q7y8a54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Alsharif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1060-1953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Central Arkansas, Conway, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32038505","https://openalex.org/I4210152127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009281836","display_name":"Vesal Hakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-3981"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67009956","display_name":"Iran University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01jw2p796","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vesal Hakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0798-3981","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67009956"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8778,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85992043,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"33818","last_page":"33829"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10080","display_name":"Energy Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8102129697799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.7796981930732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7245820760726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-sensor-network","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","score":0.6533550024032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.466513067483902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4638516902923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.4631447494029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-routing","display_name":"Source routing","score":0.4547112286090851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.4532812237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.42059633135795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3518030643463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.34166550636291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.336150586605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.32323533296585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-table","display_name":"Routing table","score":0.2784290015697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07929953932762146}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8102129697799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.7796981930732727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7245820760726929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.6533550024032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.466513067483902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4638516902923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.4631447494029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44010500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1422567","display_name":"Source routing","level":5,"score":0.4547112286090851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4532812237739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42059633135795593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3518030643463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.34166550636291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.336150586605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.32323533296585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184896649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290066","display_name":"Routing table","level":4,"score":0.2784290015697479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07929953932762146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2972354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972354","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08986664.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e5f367623ce04b99993f2492a3e8d409","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e5f367623ce04b99993f2492a3e8d409","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 33818-33829 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2972354","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2972354","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08986664.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005040739.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3005040739.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W415957693","https://openalex.org/W1576011578","https://openalex.org/W1827834474","https://openalex.org/W1967208839","https://openalex.org/W1972218202","https://openalex.org/W1974166894","https://openalex.org/W1982926368","https://openalex.org/W1986023921","https://openalex.org/W1990401766","https://openalex.org/W1996124278","https://openalex.org/W2008093882","https://openalex.org/W2047977378","https://openalex.org/W2060466347","https://openalex.org/W2062628550","https://openalex.org/W2064531037","https://openalex.org/W2078022517","https://openalex.org/W2091936226","https://openalex.org/W2093850492","https://openalex.org/W2101455523","https://openalex.org/W2108471589","https://openalex.org/W2108657438","https://openalex.org/W2109936326","https://openalex.org/W2120417050","https://openalex.org/W2121192848","https://openalex.org/W2129074873","https://openalex.org/W2145967148","https://openalex.org/W2155762594","https://openalex.org/W2156536653","https://openalex.org/W2158344507","https://openalex.org/W2161724087","https://openalex.org/W2165531864","https://openalex.org/W2606992368","https://openalex.org/W2761031158","https://openalex.org/W2767277274","https://openalex.org/W2891131623","https://openalex.org/W2965963364","https://openalex.org/W2973344609","https://openalex.org/W6638931124","https://openalex.org/W6683196093","https://openalex.org/W6684612851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4256429076","https://openalex.org/W1971174658","https://openalex.org/W2099195351","https://openalex.org/W2348092930","https://openalex.org/W2012063272","https://openalex.org/W3129272755","https://openalex.org/W2138685729","https://openalex.org/W26693340","https://openalex.org/W1963777171","https://openalex.org/W4234451200"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wireless":[0],"Sensor":[1],"Networks":[2],"(WSNs)":[3],"experience":[4],"two":[5,201],"different":[6,11],"patterns":[7],"of":[8,26,74,82,118,137,157,199],"traffic":[9,15,33],"with":[10],"requirements:":[12],"1)":[13],"Event-driven":[14],"from":[16,34],"sensor":[17,109],"nodes":[18,84,104,152],"to":[19,36,55,70,105,111,153,196,204],"the":[20,24,72,80,86,97,107,112,115,119,126,135,143,155,158,197],"base-station":[21],"(BS)":[22],"in":[23,62,165,185],"form":[25],"single-path":[27,93],"uni-cast":[28],"packets,":[29],"and":[30,42,59,88,102,178,190,208],"2)":[31],"Query-driven":[32],"BS":[35],"sensors":[37],"that":[38,182],"better":[39],"matches":[40],"multi-casting":[41],"generates":[43],"multi-path":[44,60,179],"traffic.":[45],"In":[46,146],"this":[47],"paper,":[48],"we":[49],"propose":[50],"SiMple,":[51],"a":[52,66,186],"unified":[53],"algorithm":[54],"jointly":[56],"route":[57,206],"single-":[58,177],"packets":[61,124,180],"WSNs.":[63],"SiMple":[64,95,122,148,183],"establishes":[65],"square":[67],"destination":[68,89,103,127],"area":[69],"control":[71],"degree":[73],"path":[75],"multiplicity":[76],"as":[77,79,114],"well":[78],"number":[81,136],"intermediate":[83],"between":[85],"source":[87,101,144,151,160],"nodes.":[90],"When":[91],"performing":[92],"routing,":[94],"considers":[96],"direct":[98],"line":[99,113],"connecting":[100],"select":[106],"closest":[108],"node":[110],"next":[116],"carrier":[117],"packet.":[120],"Otherwise,":[121],"directs":[123],"towards":[125],"node(s)":[128],"by":[129,142],"exploiting":[130],"multiple":[131],"disjoint":[132,138],"routes":[133,139],"where":[134],"is":[140,163],"controlled":[141],"node.":[145],"addition,":[147],"introduces":[149],"virtual":[150],"hide":[154],"location":[156],"real":[159],"node,":[161],"which":[162],"needed":[164],"asset":[166],"monitoring":[167],"applications.":[168],"The":[169],"conducted":[170],"extensive":[171],"NS-2":[172],"simulation":[173],"experiments":[174],"for":[175],"mixed":[176],"confirm":[181],"results":[184],"higher":[187],"performance":[188],"level":[189],"consumes":[191],"lower":[192],"energy":[193],"when":[194],"compared":[195],"case":[198],"using":[200],"separate":[202],"algorithms":[203],"individually":[205],"event":[207],"query":[209],"packets.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}