{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3004825906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2971220","title":"Logistic Optimization for Multi Depots Loading Capacitated Electric Vehicle Routing Problem From Low Carbon Perspective","display_name":"Logistic Optimization for Multi Depots Loading Capacitated Electric Vehicle Routing Problem From Low Carbon Perspective","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3004825906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2971220","mag":"3004825906"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2971220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2971220","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08979417.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08979417.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035291761","display_name":"Xiaoning Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-4580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoning Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3947-4580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065072127","display_name":"Rui Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2042-4025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012246808","display_name":"Zhaoci Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-3562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92403157","display_name":"University of Science and Technology Beijing","ror":"https://ror.org/02egmk993","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoci Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4765-3562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Donlinks School of Economics and Management, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059164869","display_name":"Wenchao Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0522-595X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenchao Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045740898","display_name":"Jiaqin Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-8297"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138220800","display_name":"Georgia College & State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kr7zx86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138220800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqin Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Management School, Georgia College and State University Milledgeville, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3085-8297","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Management School, Georgia College and State University Milledgeville, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138220800"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037524230","display_name":"Shamsiya Kudratova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7943-4535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4510145","display_name":"Jiangxi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0t9252","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shamsiya Kudratova","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Management and Economics, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Management and Economics, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4510145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035291761"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92403157"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.1412,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96424726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"31934","last_page":"31947"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12176","display_name":"Optimization and Packing Problems","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-routing-problem","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","score":0.7960892915725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7383355498313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6208510398864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5550928115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5116884708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-vehicle","display_name":"Electric vehicle","score":0.4698407053947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22639939188957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.20066672563552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.14096340537071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13454362750053406}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123784306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944041","display_name":"Vehicle routing problem","level":3,"score":0.7960892915725708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7383355498313904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6208510398864746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5550928115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5116884708404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776422217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13629441","display_name":"Electric vehicle","level":3,"score":0.4698407053947449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22639939188957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.20066672563552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.14096340537071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13454362750053406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2971220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2971220","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08979417.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:baf881f78a75427783d98717b6d837d9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/baf881f78a75427783d98717b6d837d9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 31934-31947 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2971220","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2971220","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08979417.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1294519205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9184023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2247279411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71802021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2709920271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17JDGLB011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3142341869","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17JDGLB011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325931","funder_display_name":"Beijing Social Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G400471385","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9184023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4858845039","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JDGLC032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G533510913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18GLB022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325931","funder_display_name":"Beijing Social Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5513550427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71803029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5715417239","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FRF-OT-18-012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7418200585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"16JDGLC032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325931","funder_display_name":"Beijing Social Science Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7629415061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18GLB022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7956238873","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71602008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8908235113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"71801013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325931","display_name":"Beijing Social Science Fund","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004825906.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3004825906.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1186419257","https://openalex.org/W1429802841","https://openalex.org/W1573257477","https://openalex.org/W1582017793","https://openalex.org/W1964028273","https://openalex.org/W1966679541","https://openalex.org/W1969633638","https://openalex.org/W1989401248","https://openalex.org/W1997916674","https://openalex.org/W2088568353","https://openalex.org/W2111563176","https://openalex.org/W2111581650","https://openalex.org/W2169921235","https://openalex.org/W2185299878","https://openalex.org/W2387094245","https://openalex.org/W2547563495","https://openalex.org/W2593704234","https://openalex.org/W2596402009","https://openalex.org/W2597770587","https://openalex.org/W2613474978","https://openalex.org/W2793530569","https://openalex.org/W2818994437","https://openalex.org/W2909466485","https://openalex.org/W2910720122","https://openalex.org/W2948858413","https://openalex.org/W2963500521","https://openalex.org/W4232900813","https://openalex.org/W4240652002","https://openalex.org/W6634561480","https://openalex.org/W6686585538"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W4312143452","https://openalex.org/W2018691209","https://openalex.org/W4247364272","https://openalex.org/W3133151256","https://openalex.org/W2132920749","https://openalex.org/W2101108574","https://openalex.org/W2157331354","https://openalex.org/W2626773395","https://openalex.org/W1575940985"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,205],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3,49,64,200],"multi":[4],"depots":[5],"capacitated":[6],"electric":[7,52],"vehicle":[8,89,161,168],"routing":[9,90,162,169],"problem":[10,24,91,105,163,170,179],"where":[11],"client":[12],"demand":[13],"is":[14,21,60,79,84,98,133,194],"composed":[15],"of":[16,29,37,51,176,188],"two-dimensional":[17,166],"weighted":[18],"items":[19,39],"(2L-MDEVRP)":[20],"addressed.":[22],"This":[23],"calls":[25],"for":[26,34,158,214],"the":[27,30,35,38,44,58,88,95,102,110,116,121,126,141,147,177,186,189,206,209],"minimization":[28],"transportation":[31],"distance":[32],"required":[33],"delivery":[36],"which":[40],"are":[41,180,217],"demanded":[42],"by":[43,48,135,183],"clients,":[45],"carried":[46],"out":[47],"fleet":[50],"vehicles":[53],"in":[54],"several":[55],"depots.":[56],"Since":[57],"2L-MDEVRP":[59,193],"an":[61],"NP-hard":[62],"problem,":[63],"heuristic":[65,76,113],"algorithm":[66,71,77,83,97,132,149,191],"combined":[67],"variable":[68],"neighborhood":[69],"search":[70],"(VNS)":[72],"and":[73,94,125,165,199,212],"space":[74,111],"saving":[75,112],"(SSH)":[78],"proposed.":[80],"The":[81,130,143],"VNS":[82],"used":[85,99],"to":[86,100,114],"solve":[87,101],"(VRP)":[92],"sub-problem,":[93],"SSH":[96],"bin":[103],"packing":[104],"(BPP)":[106],"sub-problem.":[107],"We":[108],"propose":[109],"find":[115],"best":[117],"matching":[118],"solution":[119],"between":[120],"next":[122],"loading":[123,128],"item":[124],"feasible":[127],"position.":[129],"SSH-VNS":[131,148],"tested":[134],"using":[136],"benchmark":[137,178],"instances":[138],"available":[139],"from":[140],"literature.":[142],"results":[144,157],"show":[145],"that":[146],"has":[150],"better":[151],"performance":[152],"compared":[153],"with":[154],"other":[155],"published":[156],"solving":[159],"capacity":[160,167],"(CVRP)":[164],"(2L-CVRP).":[171],"Some":[172],"new":[173],"best-known":[174],"solutions":[175],"also":[181,218],"found":[182],"SSH-VNS.":[184],"Moreover,":[185],"effectiveness":[187],"proposed":[190],"on":[192],"demonstrated":[195],"through":[196],"numerical":[197],"experiments":[198],"practical":[201],"logistic":[202],"distribution":[203],"case.":[204],"last":[207],"section,":[208],"managerial":[210],"implications":[211],"suggestions":[213],"future":[215],"research":[216],"discussed.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
