{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003584883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970726","title":"The Balanced Loss Curriculum Learning","display_name":"The Balanced Loss Curriculum Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003584883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970726","mag":"3003584883"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2970726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970726","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08977493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08977493.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733317","display_name":"Wei Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9513-4372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040235604","display_name":"Zhenzhen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-8361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenzhen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1042-8361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101993173","display_name":"Xueliang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-9715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueliang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0077-9715","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103110744","display_name":"Weijie Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7800-0583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101735240","display_name":"Jun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8726-2449"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051332325","display_name":"Richang Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-3986"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richang Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer and Information, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2608,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61184602,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"25990","last_page":"26001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8808000087738037,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8808000087738037,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13693","display_name":"Smart Systems and Machine Learning","score":0.7825000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7202833294868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum","display_name":"Curriculum","score":0.4326150715351105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics-education","display_name":"Mathematics education","score":0.35506153106689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.12123876810073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pedagogy","display_name":"Pedagogy","score":0.11326894164085388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7202833294868469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.4326150715351105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.35506153106689453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.12123876810073853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.11326894164085388}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2970726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970726","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08977493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:729cd83a69cd472eb0ef72290123991b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/729cd83a69cd472eb0ef72290123991b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 25990-26001 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2970726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2970726","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08977493.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1829462488","display_name":"\u8de8\u5a92\u4f53\u667a\u80fd\u95ee\u7b54\u548c\u63a8\u7406\u5173\u952e\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61932009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2351125877","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61732007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3623292902","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61632007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4641659727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61802104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6400325034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFB1002203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7829013897","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8795738074","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61722204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003584883.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003584883.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1924762813","https://openalex.org/W2044544672","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2100913937","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2132984949","https://openalex.org/W2156689847","https://openalex.org/W2170240176","https://openalex.org/W2190062312","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2256388387","https://openalex.org/W2296073425","https://openalex.org/W2335728318","https://openalex.org/W2345837149","https://openalex.org/W2795282075","https://openalex.org/W2803023299","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2885593519","https://openalex.org/W2892359699","https://openalex.org/W2896434438","https://openalex.org/W2936252403","https://openalex.org/W2944541151","https://openalex.org/W2951278869","https://openalex.org/W2953070460","https://openalex.org/W2962800562","https://openalex.org/W2962894366","https://openalex.org/W2963070594","https://openalex.org/W2963113370","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963927126","https://openalex.org/W2963941666","https://openalex.org/W2963962154","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2972758308","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3137695714","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4298018319","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6629815555","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6675038308","https://openalex.org/W6679390333","https://openalex.org/W6685053522","https://openalex.org/W6687320126","https://openalex.org/W6691895530","https://openalex.org/W6703116779","https://openalex.org/W6713132643","https://openalex.org/W6733814495","https://openalex.org/W6736021936","https://openalex.org/W6748108687","https://openalex.org/W6748208641","https://openalex.org/W6750523955","https://openalex.org/W6751751081","https://openalex.org/W6753366853","https://openalex.org/W6753772092","https://openalex.org/W6754756046","https://openalex.org/W6763485134","https://openalex.org/W6763745640","https://openalex.org/W6787972765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Curriculum":[0,73],"Learning":[1],"(CL)":[2],"selects":[3],"the":[4,8,14,23,34,38,41,47,58,77,86,91,96,102,112,116,123,128,136,141,146,155,167],"training":[5],"samples":[6,138],"from":[7,148,157],"easy":[9,137,158],"to":[10,12,50,75,126,140],"difficult":[11,149],"boost":[13],"classification":[15],"results.":[16],"Most":[17],"existing":[18],"variates":[19],"of":[20,26,81,171],"CL":[21,68],"measure":[22],"difficulty":[24,79,124],"level":[25,80],"an":[27,30,82],"example":[28,83],"in":[29,57],"intuitive":[31],"way,":[32],"i.e.,":[33],"loss":[35,147,156],"value":[36],"between":[37],"prediction":[39,59],"and":[40,84,100,119,162,169],"ground":[42],"truth.":[43],"This":[44],"way":[45],"ignores":[46],"different":[48],"distances":[49],"every":[51],"class":[52],"boundary,":[53],"which":[54],"is":[55,120],"implied":[56],"vectors.":[60],"In":[61],"this":[62],"paper,":[63],"we":[64,165],"propose":[65],"a":[66],"novel":[67],"framework,":[69],"named":[70],"Balance":[71],"Loss":[72],"Learning(BLCL),":[74],"reveal":[76],"comprehensive":[78],"improve":[85],"curriculum":[87],"process":[88],"based":[89],"on":[90,135],"deep":[92],"architectures.":[93],"We":[94],"follow":[95],"teacher-student":[97],"learning":[98],"module":[99],"train":[101],"teacher":[103,113],"&":[104],"student":[105,129,132],"networks":[106],"simultaneously.":[107],"The":[108,131],"predictions":[109],"learned":[110],"by":[111,144],"network":[114,133],"indicates":[115],"boundary":[117,142],"information":[118,143],"set":[121],"as":[122,151,153],"measurement":[125],"guide":[127],"network.":[130],"focuses":[134],"according":[139],"decreasing":[145],"examples":[150],"well":[152],"increasing":[154],"examples.":[159],"Through":[160],"extensive":[161],"rigor":[163],"experiments,":[164],"demonstrate":[166],"effectiveness":[168],"generality":[170],"our":[172],"framework.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}