{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003481615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2969714","title":"Survey of Soft Error Mitigation Techniques Applied to LEON3 Soft Processors on SRAM-Based FPGAs","display_name":"Survey of Soft Error Mitigation Techniques Applied to LEON3 Soft Processors on SRAM-Based FPGAs","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003481615","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2969714","mag":"3003481615"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2969714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2969714","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08970484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08970484.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018240924","display_name":"Server Kasap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-1338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Server Kasap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6408-1338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051866145","display_name":"Eduardo W\u00e4chter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-5891"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Weber Wachter","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4014-5891","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042584242","display_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1030-8311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103245109","display_name":"Shoaib Ehsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-1898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoaib Ehsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-1898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077992830","display_name":"Klaus D. McDonald-Maier","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Klaus Mcdonald-Maier","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.1447,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7749376,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"28646","last_page":"28658"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reconfigurability","display_name":"Reconfigurability","score":0.7877019643783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7733216881752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7189121246337891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soft-error","display_name":"Soft error","score":0.6884661912918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6632025837898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6568549871444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6327281594276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.5335410833358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.5315126180648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.511363685131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.4285542666912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3404616415500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.20612627267837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.17127782106399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.136570006608963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.13535666465759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.1254967749118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11573565006256104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780149590","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7302742","display_name":"Reconfigurability","level":2,"score":0.7877019643783569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7733216881752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7189121246337891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154474529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658917","display_name":"Soft error","level":2,"score":0.6884661912918091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6632025837898254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6568549871444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6327281594276428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.5335410833358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.5315126180648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.511363685131073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.4285542666912079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3404616415500641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.20612627267837524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17127782106399536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.136570006608963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.13535666465759277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.1254967749118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11573565006256104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2969714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2969714","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08970484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0fc40546bef74a8e804b5811cca0ad2e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0fc40546bef74a8e804b5811cca0ad2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 28646-28658 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:478947","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/478947/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2969714","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2969714","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08970484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2223601268","display_name":"Robust remote sensing for multi-modal characterisation in nuclear and other extreme environments","funder_award_id":"EP/P017487/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G528393513","display_name":"National Centre for Nuclear Robotics (NCNR)","funder_award_id":"EP/R02572X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6552220756","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R02572X","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7795727766","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/P017487/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003481615.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3003481615.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500893261","https://openalex.org/W1555374769","https://openalex.org/W1757537413","https://openalex.org/W1893624440","https://openalex.org/W1982406967","https://openalex.org/W1987877070","https://openalex.org/W1992557321","https://openalex.org/W2007310349","https://openalex.org/W2009950553","https://openalex.org/W2011603793","https://openalex.org/W2040421909","https://openalex.org/W2054254680","https://openalex.org/W2061205755","https://openalex.org/W2086328257","https://openalex.org/W2099440515","https://openalex.org/W2109161070","https://openalex.org/W2115753002","https://openalex.org/W2125354605","https://openalex.org/W2126810378","https://openalex.org/W2130533683","https://openalex.org/W2132098696","https://openalex.org/W2134253040","https://openalex.org/W2137588572","https://openalex.org/W2152652532","https://openalex.org/W2152855576","https://openalex.org/W2171958038","https://openalex.org/W2296343188","https://openalex.org/W2552025135","https://openalex.org/W2559705978","https://openalex.org/W2559930489","https://openalex.org/W2585514748","https://openalex.org/W2725179571","https://openalex.org/W2765247109","https://openalex.org/W3081475267","https://openalex.org/W3150687413","https://openalex.org/W6677252617","https://openalex.org/W6782699798"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4290647047","https://openalex.org/W2066033226","https://openalex.org/W2363504003","https://openalex.org/W2548582980","https://openalex.org/W2044069930","https://openalex.org/W2620706469","https://openalex.org/W2052914698","https://openalex.org/W2088929465","https://openalex.org/W3006277082","https://openalex.org/W2612883256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Soft-core":[0],"processors":[1,42,88,138],"implemented":[2],"in":[3,15,48,139,144],"SRAM-based":[4],"FPGAs":[5],"are":[6,45,53,81],"an":[7,125],"attractive":[8],"option":[9],"for":[10,101,159],"applications":[11,50],"to":[12,19,31,33,56,83,95,106,117],"be":[13,90],"employed":[14],"radiation":[16,57,140],"environments":[17,103],"due":[18],"their":[20,59,109],"flexibility,":[21],"relatively-low":[22],"application":[23],"development":[24],"costs,":[25],"and":[26,67,104,121],"reconfigurability":[27],"features":[28],"enabling":[29],"them":[30],"adapt":[32],"the":[34,39,65,119,133,145,149,153],"evolving":[35],"mission":[36],"needs.":[37],"Despite":[38],"advantages":[40],"soft-core":[41,73,87,137,162],"possess,":[43],"they":[44,52],"seldom":[46],"used":[47,136],"critical":[49],"because":[51],"more":[54],"sensitive":[55],"than":[58],"hard-core":[60],"counterparts.":[61],"For":[62],"instance,":[63],"both":[64],"logic":[66],"signal":[68],"routing":[69],"circuitry":[70],"of":[71,124,132,151,155],"a":[72,97],"processor":[74],"as":[75,77,142],"well":[76],"its":[78],"user":[79,122],"memory":[80],"susceptible":[82],"radiation-induced":[84],"faults.":[85],"Therefore,":[86],"must":[89],"appropriately":[91],"hardened":[92],"against":[93],"ionizing-radiation":[94],"become":[96],"feasible":[98],"design":[99],"choice":[100,154],"harsh":[102],"thus":[105],"reap":[107],"all":[108],"benefits.":[110],"This":[111],"survey":[112],"henceforth":[113],"discusses":[114],"various":[115],"techniques":[116],"protect":[118],"configuration":[120],"memories":[123],"LEON3":[126],"soft":[127],"processor,":[128],"which":[129],"is":[130],"one":[131],"most":[134],"widely":[135],"environments,":[141],"reported":[143],"state-of-the-art":[146],"literature,":[147],"with":[148],"objective":[150],"facilitating":[152],"right":[156],"fault-mitigation":[157],"solution":[158],"any":[160],"given":[161],"processor.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}