{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3000833961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968985","title":"Towards Post-Quantum Blockchain: A Review on Blockchain Cryptography Resistant to Quantum Computing Attacks","display_name":"Towards Post-Quantum Blockchain: A Review on Blockchain Cryptography Resistant to Quantum Computing Attacks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3000833961","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968985","mag":"3000833961"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968985","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08967098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08967098.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081216987","display_name":"Tiago M. Fern\u00e1ndez\u2010Caram\u00e9s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2179-5917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiago M. Fernandez-Carames","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090443440","display_name":"Paula Fraga\u2010Lamas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4991-6808"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11019714","display_name":"Universidade da Coru\u00f1a","ror":"https://ror.org/01qckj285","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paula Fraga-Lamas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Coru\u00f1a, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n CITIC, Universidade da Coru\u00f1a, Coru\u00f1a, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081216987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11019714"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":76.3463,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":546,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99943396,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"21091","last_page":"21116"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6763182878494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6561000943183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-computer","display_name":"Quantum computer","score":0.5994120836257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.5856760740280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.5577878952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.5346075296401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.5080153942108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.4688029885292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4541153907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4525349736213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.41105037927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.3608437776565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.34702998399734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.20743870735168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13034000992774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.09408825635910034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6763182878494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6561000943183899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.5994120836257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.5856760740280151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5577878952026367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.5346075296401978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.5080153942108154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.4688029885292053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4541153907775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4525349736213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.41105037927627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.3608437776565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.34702998399734497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.20743870735168457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13034000992774963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.09408825635910034}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968985","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08967098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2402.00922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2402.00922","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2402.00922","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b77d6b020cfc4a0eb6010ae46d5304b0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b77d6b020cfc4a0eb6010ae46d5304b0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 21091-21116 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ruc.udc.es:2183/25176","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2183/25176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402204","display_name":"RUC (Universidade Da Coru\u00f1a)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968985","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968985","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08967098.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1643641974","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G230230324","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2631452109","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"(ERDF)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3711279360","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RED2018-102668-T","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3876637791","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4184336201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G2019/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G466153858","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/FEDER, UE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4816244515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5213247911","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6199435811","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI/FEDER","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6236080961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RED2018-102668-T","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7115649624","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FEDER, UE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7224627388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","funder_display_name":"Xunta de Galicia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7640442172","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431G2019/01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","funder_display_name":"European Regional Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8002047785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"TEC2016-75067-C4-1-R","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326655","display_name":"Xunta de Galicia","ror":"https://ror.org/0181xnw06"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000833961.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3000833961.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":193,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31130112","https://openalex.org/W106528892","https://openalex.org/W115629558","https://openalex.org/W147447691","https://openalex.org/W149470655","https://openalex.org/W152221425","https://openalex.org/W159449401","https://openalex.org/W189254053","https://openalex.org/W203951071","https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1424543055","https://openalex.org/W1495333819","https://openalex.org/W1499766499","https://openalex.org/W1526993157","https://openalex.org/W1536729852","https://openalex.org/W1541973237","https://openalex.org/W1552510908","https://openalex.org/W1554633132","https://openalex.org/W1557226095","https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W1566345534","https://openalex.org/W1569083856","https://openalex.org/W1582043969","https://openalex.org/W1595415026","https://openalex.org/W1598238634","https://openalex.org/W1599760425","https://openalex.org/W1601001795","https://openalex.org/W1675339804","https://openalex.org/W1821087317","https://openalex.org/W1882598960","https://openalex.org/W1936753088","https://openalex.org/W1948158591","https://openalex.org/W1965275036","https://openalex.org/W1972792640","https://openalex.org/W1984508639","https://openalex.org/W1985439922","https://openalex.org/W1987475429","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2003736153","https://openalex.org/W2006290558","https://openalex.org/W2009540753","https://openalex.org/W2035929826","https://openalex.org/W2036378739","https://openalex.org/W2038517014","https://openalex.org/W2045890225","https://openalex.org/W2057248704","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2102589612","https://openalex.org/W2106970188","https://openalex.org/W2109371739","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2129483619","https://openalex.org/W2135205181","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2149636648","https://openalex.org/W2152924492","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2172273481","https://openalex.org/W2189446046","https://openalex.org/W2189468733","https://openalex.org/W2231944250","https://openalex.org/W2260584045","https://openalex.org/W2294173372","https://openalex.org/W2294438196","https://openalex.org/W2342122584","https://openalex.org/W2392113277","https://openalex.org/W2395859537","https://openalex.org/W2405465264","https://openalex.org/W2412886904","https://openalex.org/W2494078997","https://openalex.org/W2495331295","https://openalex.org/W2514893051","https://openalex.org/W2527800909","https://openalex.org/W2533533176","https://openalex.org/W2566390621","https://openalex.org/W2567447968","https://openalex.org/W2573560101","https://openalex.org/W2585042666","https://openalex.org/W2587454507","https://openalex.org/W2592691626","https://openalex.org/W2601217155","https://openalex.org/W2604763720","https://openalex.org/W2610487593","https://openalex.org/W2611056906","https://openalex.org/W2619630761","https://openalex.org/W2620662521","https://openalex.org/W2621331947","https://openalex.org/W2621530037","https://openalex.org/W2625973858","https://openalex.org/W2729961650","https://openalex.org/W2742329683","https://openalex.org/W2749029156","https://openalex.org/W2751458639","https://openalex.org/W2752575750","https://openalex.org/W2754446587","https://openalex.org/W2754529701","https://openalex.org/W2762094014","https://openalex.org/W2765255210","https://openalex.org/W2771087690","https://openalex.org/W2772775232","https://openalex.org/W2779943051","https://openalex.org/W2780878373","https://openalex.org/W2781688509","https://openalex.org/W2786976866","https://openalex.org/W2794982701","https://openalex.org/W2796314191","https://openalex.org/W2797361743","https://openalex.org/W2802134469","https://openalex.org/W2802666034","https://openalex.org/W2802967788","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2807864574","https://openalex.org/W2807899336","https://openalex.org/W2807979099","https://openalex.org/W2808656692","https://openalex.org/W2809281533","https://openalex.org/W2810821626","https://openalex.org/W2853456495","https://openalex.org/W2866028610","https://openalex.org/W2888299293","https://openalex.org/W2889181556","https://openalex.org/W2893308605","https://openalex.org/W2896599519","https://openalex.org/W2898176384","https://openalex.org/W2900370870","https://openalex.org/W2900653865","https://openalex.org/W2901392419","https://openalex.org/W2901477756","https://openalex.org/W2903928648","https://openalex.org/W2904270603","https://openalex.org/W2905094505","https://openalex.org/W2905504004","https://openalex.org/W2905867785","https://openalex.org/W2911101263","https://openalex.org/W2911810074","https://openalex.org/W2913574134","https://openalex.org/W2914701276","https://openalex.org/W2918047150","https://openalex.org/W2919623724","https://openalex.org/W2921188540","https://openalex.org/W2922389501","https://openalex.org/W2945919750","https://openalex.org/W2950917269","https://openalex.org/W2958917282","https://openalex.org/W2962876058","https://openalex.org/W2963470640","https://openalex.org/W2966840688","https://openalex.org/W2968254374","https://openalex.org/W2970686509","https://openalex.org/W2971022245","https://openalex.org/W2972757559","https://openalex.org/W2972885840","https://openalex.org/W2972926183","https://openalex.org/W2973173993","https://openalex.org/W2977567083","https://openalex.org/W2979970899","https://openalex.org/W2983283027","https://openalex.org/W2986959318","https://openalex.org/W2991016858","https://openalex.org/W2995835799","https://openalex.org/W3023478445","https://openalex.org/W3028781487","https://openalex.org/W3099468481","https://openalex.org/W3101717749","https://openalex.org/W3101994345","https://openalex.org/W3111297213","https://openalex.org/W3152454803","https://openalex.org/W3172550433","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4297991408","https://openalex.org/W4300508572","https://openalex.org/W6604713957","https://openalex.org/W6605963903","https://openalex.org/W6606227617","https://openalex.org/W6633819675","https://openalex.org/W6634010886","https://openalex.org/W6635924301","https://openalex.org/W6675515851","https://openalex.org/W6676580072","https://openalex.org/W6692579176","https://openalex.org/W6732833615","https://openalex.org/W6738974170","https://openalex.org/W6740691243","https://openalex.org/W6747321050","https://openalex.org/W6751953394","https://openalex.org/W6752127544","https://openalex.org/W6752942250","https://openalex.org/W6755631891","https://openalex.org/W6758990210","https://openalex.org/W6770380337","https://openalex.org/W6778069045","https://openalex.org/W6784354302","https://openalex.org/W6797158879"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312132309","https://openalex.org/W2036792402","https://openalex.org/W2064775687","https://openalex.org/W4240944159","https://openalex.org/W2916069885","https://openalex.org/W2147369345","https://openalex.org/W4384158840","https://openalex.org/W2903657089","https://openalex.org/W2336878745","https://openalex.org/W3217264812"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain":[0],"and":[1,14,31,45,65,78,122,130,155,164,179,190],"other":[2],"Distributed":[3],"Ledger":[4],"Technologies":[5],"(DLTs)":[6],"have":[7],"evolved":[8],"significantly":[9],"in":[10,68],"the":[11,34,49,57,69,117,133,153,158],"last":[12],"years":[13],"their":[15,25,144],"use":[16,87],"has":[17,55],"been":[18],"suggested":[19],"for":[20,168],"numerous":[21],"applications":[22],"due":[23],"to":[24,27,82,85,128,174,186],"ability":[26],"provide":[28,175],"transparency,":[29],"redundancy":[30],"accountability.":[32],"In":[33],"case":[35],"of":[36,52,59,88,116,157],"blockchain,":[37],"such":[38,107],"characteristics":[39,154],"are":[40,97,139,150],"provided":[41,151],"through":[42],"public-key":[43,76,162],"cryptography":[44,77],"hash":[46,79],"functions.":[47],"However,":[48],"fast":[50],"progress":[51],"quantum":[53,92],"computing":[54],"opened":[56],"possibility":[58],"performing":[60],"attacks":[61],"based":[62],"on":[63,119,152,182],"Grover's":[64],"Shor's":[66],"algorithms":[67,73],"near":[70],"future.":[71],"Such":[72],"threaten":[74],"both":[75],"functions,":[80],"forcing":[81],"redesign":[83],"blockchains":[84,129],"make":[86],"cryptosystems":[89,121],"that":[90],"withstand":[91],"attacks,":[93],"thus":[94],"creating":[95],"which":[96],"known":[98],"as":[99,141,143],"post-quantum,":[100],"quantum-proof,":[101],"quantum-safe":[102],"or":[103],"quantum-resistant":[104],"cryptosystems.":[105],"For":[106],"a":[108,176],"purpose,":[109],"this":[110,171],"article":[111,172],"first":[112],"studies":[113],"current":[114],"state":[115],"art":[118],"post-quantum":[120,136,161,183],"how":[123],"they":[124],"can":[125],"be":[126],"applied":[127],"DLTs.":[131],"Moreover,":[132],"most":[134,159],"relevant":[135],"blockchain":[137,184,188],"systems":[138],"studied,":[140],"well":[142],"main":[145],"challenges.":[146],"Furthermore,":[147],"extensive":[148],"comparisons":[149],"performance":[156],"promising":[160],"encryption":[163],"digital":[165],"signature":[166],"schemes":[167],"blockchains.":[169],"Thus,":[170],"seeks":[173],"broad":[177],"view":[178],"useful":[180],"guidelines":[181],"security":[185],"future":[187],"researchers":[189],"developers.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":126},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":124},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":106},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":95},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}