{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002493224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968615","title":"Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis and Predictive Maintenance Through Statistical Process Control and Machine Learning","display_name":"Wind Turbine Fault Diagnosis and Predictive Maintenance Through Statistical Process Control and Machine Learning","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002493224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968615","mag":"3002493224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968615","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966331.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966331.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049065541","display_name":"G. J. Y. Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8964-9855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyh-Yih Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","Independent Researcher, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045439284","display_name":"Yi\u2010Fu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9347-0583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Fu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062891453","display_name":"Kuan-Cheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-983X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuan-Cheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038663636","display_name":"Mu\u2010Yen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3945-4363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131948415","display_name":"National Taichung University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05bgcav40","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131948415"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu-Yen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131948415"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047133903","display_name":"Jenneille Hwai-Yuan Hsu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121988","display_name":"Film Independent","ror":"https://ror.org/036cy3843","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}],"countries":["TW","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenneille Hwai-Yuan Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","Independent Researcher, San Francisco, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1086-0237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Economics, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Information Systems, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, San Francisco, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121988"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.0008,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":175,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99373903,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"23427","last_page":"23439"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.963100016117096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13891","display_name":"Engineering Diagnostics and Reliability","score":0.9519000053405762,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtime","display_name":"Downtime","score":0.714887797832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.6823772192001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbine","display_name":"Turbine","score":0.6217986345291138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.589861273765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"Decision tree","score":0.5622037053108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tree-analysis","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","score":0.5069568157196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.4938076436519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-process-control","display_name":"Statistical process control","score":0.4760677218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.4755368232727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.45249080657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-detection-and-isolation","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","score":0.4283020496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offshore-wind-power","display_name":"Offshore wind power","score":0.4243104159832001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4222114682197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4033212661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3804035186767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3638852834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3572120666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2784312963485718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.714887797832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.6823772192001343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.6217986345291138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.589861273765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84525736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831366","display_name":"Decision tree","level":2,"score":0.5622037053108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107094494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428453","display_name":"Fault tree analysis","level":2,"score":0.5069568157196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.4938076436519623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113644684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1356717","display_name":"Statistical process control","level":3,"score":0.4760677218437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.4755368232727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.45249080657958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152745839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5438153","display_name":"Fault detection and isolation","level":3,"score":0.4283020496368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8735168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61637704","display_name":"Offshore wind power","level":3,"score":0.4243104159832001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4222114682197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4033212661743164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3804035186767578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3638852834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3572120666503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2784312963485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968615","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966331.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:682eace88d9648c5808a75736dafebfc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/682eace88d9648c5808a75736dafebfc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 23427-23439 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968615","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968615","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966331.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3345116249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108-3116-F-005-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5091542997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"106-2420-H-005-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002493224.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002493224.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1751643050","https://openalex.org/W1982870982","https://openalex.org/W2042641006","https://openalex.org/W2053296970","https://openalex.org/W2111500230","https://openalex.org/W2131065845","https://openalex.org/W2474873893","https://openalex.org/W2535095268","https://openalex.org/W2752263166","https://openalex.org/W2800110846","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W6637955697","https://openalex.org/W6720929896"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046276983","https://openalex.org/W2954002293","https://openalex.org/W2078264086","https://openalex.org/W2892741875","https://openalex.org/W2164372000","https://openalex.org/W2109143577","https://openalex.org/W2161582432","https://openalex.org/W1972812226","https://openalex.org/W4250391074","https://openalex.org/W1985537075"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,48,208],"applies":[2],"statistical":[3,122],"process":[4,123],"control":[5,91,124],"and":[6,15,73,76,81,166,181,200,214,224,243],"machine":[7,130],"learning":[8,131],"techniques":[9],"to":[10,32,79,95,100,116,127,135,154,172],"diagnose":[11],"wind":[12,28,44,87,118,140,157,178,219,248],"turbine":[13,45,119,158,179,249],"faults":[14],"predict":[16,136],"maintenance":[17,58,137,226],"needs":[18,138,227],"by":[19,56,211],"analyzing":[20],"2.8":[21],"million":[22],"sensor":[23,51],"data":[24,52,64,104,159,212],"collected":[25],"from":[26,30,107,160],"31":[27],"turbines":[29,220],"2015":[31],"2017":[33],"in":[34],"Taiwan.":[35],"Unlike":[36],"previous":[37],"studies":[38],"that":[39],"only":[40],"relied":[41],"on":[42],"historical":[43],"data,":[46],"this":[47],"analyzed":[49],"the":[50,63,74,83,108,143,174,196,203,216,225],"with":[53,149,183],"practitioners'":[54],"insight":[55],"incorporating":[57],"check":[59],"list":[60],"items":[61],"into":[62],"mining":[65,213],"processes.":[66],"We":[67],"used":[68,94,134,153],"Pareto":[69],"analyses,":[70],"scatter":[71],"plots,":[72],"cause":[75],"effect":[77],"diagram":[78],"cluster":[80],"classify":[82,155],"failure":[84],"types":[85],"of":[86,139,147,192,218,228,247],"turbines.":[88,141],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"charts":[92],"were":[93,133,170],"establish":[96],"a":[97,114,189],"monitoring":[98],"mechanism":[99],"track":[101],"whether":[102],"operation":[103],"are":[105],"deviated":[106],"controls":[109],"(i.e.,":[110],"standard":[111],"deviations)":[112],"as":[113],"mean":[115],"detect":[117],"abnormalities.":[120],"While":[121],"was":[125,152],"applied":[126],"fault":[128],"diagnosis,":[129],"algorithms":[132,169],"First,":[142],"density-based":[144],"spatial":[145],"clustering":[146],"applications":[148],"noise":[150],"algorithm":[151],"abnormal-state":[156],"normal-state":[161],"data.":[162],"Then,":[163],"random":[164,204],"forest":[165,205],"decision":[167,197],"tree":[168,198],"employed":[171],"construct":[173],"predictive":[175],"models":[176],"for":[177,195,202],"anomalies":[180],"tested":[182],"K-fold":[184],"cross-validation.":[185],"The":[186,207],"results":[187,234],"indicate":[188],"high":[190],"level":[191],"accuracy:":[193],"92.68%":[194],"model,":[199],"91.98%":[201],"model.":[206],"demonstrates":[209],"that,":[210],"modeling,":[215],"failures":[217],"can":[221,230],"be":[222,231],"detected,":[223],"parts":[229],"predicted.":[232],"Model":[233],"may":[235],"provide":[236],"technicians":[237],"early":[238],"warnings,":[239],"improve":[240],"equipment":[241],"efficient,":[242],"decrease":[244],"system":[245],"downtime":[246],"operation.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
