{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002555403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968593","title":"Three-Dimensional Cooperative Mid-Course Guidance Law Against the Maneuvering Target","display_name":"Three-Dimensional Cooperative Mid-Course Guidance Law Against the Maneuvering Target","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002555403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968593","mag":"3002555403"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966340.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108744972","display_name":"Zihao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-4774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zihao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4598-4774","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004065350","display_name":"Yangwang Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-1513"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangwang Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-1513","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009512157","display_name":"Wenxing Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-1128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxing Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4579-1128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Unmanned System Research Institute, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020717447","display_name":"Zhikai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-2080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhikai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-2080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Astronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063448679","display_name":"Wenhui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-3280"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0109-3280","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108744972"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":13.0319,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97947773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"18841","last_page":"18851"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12957","display_name":"War, Ethics, and Justification","score":0.9034000039100647,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/course","display_name":"Course (navigation)","score":0.7389588952064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.6851616501808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6620699167251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6320539712905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-shortage","display_name":"Economic shortage","score":0.6019608378410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.515568733215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.48831626772880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3277660310268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.28160372376441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21706607937812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18049579858779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08931711316108704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777552389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1962728","display_name":"Course (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.7389588952064514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6851616501808167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6620699167251587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6320539712905884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194051981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1337691","display_name":"Economic shortage","level":3,"score":0.6019608378410339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.515568733215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.48831626772880554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3277660310268402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.28160372376441956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21706607937812805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18049579858779907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08931711316108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3433f0b9dfa84c7b81f34547c605fda6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3433f0b9dfa84c7b81f34547c605fda6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 18841-18851 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2968593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2968593","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08966340.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6000000238418579,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5868642596","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61973253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002555403.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3002555403.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W848325209","https://openalex.org/W1079347845","https://openalex.org/W1964018709","https://openalex.org/W1967018588","https://openalex.org/W1982076270","https://openalex.org/W1989532369","https://openalex.org/W2009224126","https://openalex.org/W2042953319","https://openalex.org/W2097036664","https://openalex.org/W2097306701","https://openalex.org/W2139130773","https://openalex.org/W2156948603","https://openalex.org/W2525818861","https://openalex.org/W2606814323","https://openalex.org/W2755063209","https://openalex.org/W2781994589","https://openalex.org/W2931189148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4318717247","https://openalex.org/W2267656092","https://openalex.org/W2317874921","https://openalex.org/W2736755255","https://openalex.org/W4362648715","https://openalex.org/W2009385780","https://openalex.org/W3082623308","https://openalex.org/W3120503679","https://openalex.org/W2359390960","https://openalex.org/W2238501609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"of":[1,4,9,41,46,54,66,107,118,135],"the":[2,5,27,34,42,44,52,57,64,72,87,94,98,115,131,136],"limitation":[3],"long-range":[6],"detection":[7],"capability":[8],"airborne":[10],"sensors,":[11],"it":[12],"is":[13,80,103,111,125],"very":[14],"difficult":[15],"for":[16,26],"a":[17,74],"single":[18],"interceptor":[19],"to":[20],"achieve":[21],"accurate":[22],"mid-course":[23,59,77,100,139],"guidance,":[24],"especially":[25],"long":[28],"and":[29,33,93,105,121,133],"medium":[30],"range":[31],"interceptors,":[32],"maneuvering":[35],"or":[36],"invisible":[37],"targets.":[38],"As":[39],"one":[40],"solutions,":[43],"strategy":[45],"multi-interceptor":[47],"cooperative":[48,67,76,95,99,108,119,138],"intercepting":[49,68],"can":[50],"overcome":[51],"shortages":[53],"single-interceptor.":[55],"Unfortunately,":[56],"existing":[58],"guidance":[60,78,91,101,140],"laws":[61],"can't":[62],"meet":[63],"requirements":[65],"strategy.":[69],"To":[70],"solve":[71],"problem,":[73],"novel":[75],"law":[79,92,102],"proposed":[81,137],"in":[82],"this":[83],"paper":[84],"by":[85],"combining":[86],"traditional":[88],"trajectory":[89],"shaping":[90],"parameter.":[96],"Firstly,":[97],"designed,":[104],"consensus":[106],"parameter":[109,120],"characteristics":[110],"proved":[112],"then.":[113],"Secondly,":[114],"general":[116],"expression":[117],"its":[122],"convergence":[123],"speed":[124],"analyzed.":[126],"Finally,":[127],"numeral":[128],"simulations":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"effectiveness":[132],"advantages":[134],"law.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}