{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999932054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966763","title":"On Using Composability Tools for Reliability Analysis of Unmanned Multi-Aircraft Systems: A Case Study","display_name":"On Using Composability Tools for Reliability Analysis of Unmanned Multi-Aircraft Systems: A Case Study","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999932054","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966763","mag":"2999932054"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966763","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08960336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08960336.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087612875","display_name":"Devaprakash Muniraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9764-2955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Devaprakash Muniraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038763633","display_name":"Dany Abou Jaoude","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8046-0899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98635879","display_name":"American University of Beirut","ror":"https://ror.org/04pznsd21","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}],"countries":["LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dany Abou Jaoude","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98635879"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000935719","display_name":"Mazen Farhood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9855-7250"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mazen Farhood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kevin T. Crofton Department of Aerospace and Ocean Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087612875"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03388529,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"16331","last_page":"16349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13295","display_name":"Safety Systems Engineering in Autonomy","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7588273286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.7558237910270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composability","display_name":"Composability","score":0.7191690802574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5948371887207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5550692677497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.49826955795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4939761757850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.4709409475326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.46634596586227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4384033679962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.2876867353916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.18974971771240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12729313969612122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7588273286819458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.7558237910270691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778814252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156715","display_name":"Composability","level":2,"score":0.7191690802574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5948371887207031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5550692677497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.49826955795288086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4939761757850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.4709409475326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.46634596586227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4384033679962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.2876867353916168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.18974971771240234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12729313969612122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966763","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08960336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:68cd4da22fe641f5ab3935e1d954dd17","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/68cd4da22fe641f5ab3935e1d954dd17","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 16331-16349 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/98580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98580","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article - Refereed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966763","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08960336.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6399999856948853}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2449896688","display_name":"CAREER: Provably Correct Control Software for Autonomous High-Performance Agents","funder_award_id":"1351640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3117913780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1801611","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3140459243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"I/UCRC","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3663253732","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-1351640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3796720430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-1351640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4122069599","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1801611","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5273183822","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIP-1539975","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337396","funder_display_name":"Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5360528385","display_name":"I/UCRC Phase I:  VT Site Addition to the Center for UAS","funder_award_id":"1539975","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5944679691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1650465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G594938248","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1650465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337396","funder_display_name":"Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5954070948","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CMMI-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G623901261","display_name":"I/UCRC: Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems Phase II Site: Virginia Tech","funder_award_id":"1650465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G643408114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1650465","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333620","funder_display_name":"Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G826484117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1351640","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","funder_display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8356272274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIP-1539975","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G848032724","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333620","display_name":"Center for Unmanned Aircraft Systems","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337391","display_name":"Division of Civil, Mechanical and Manufacturing Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/028yd4c30"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337396","display_name":"Division of Industrial Innovation and Partnerships","ror":"https://ror.org/03xyg3m20"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999932054.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999932054.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W105579301","https://openalex.org/W1470570003","https://openalex.org/W1528304311","https://openalex.org/W1539457702","https://openalex.org/W1582882984","https://openalex.org/W1652886962","https://openalex.org/W2015688007","https://openalex.org/W2039867272","https://openalex.org/W2095617372","https://openalex.org/W2097944741","https://openalex.org/W2098689723","https://openalex.org/W2112989922","https://openalex.org/W2130025446","https://openalex.org/W2296232480","https://openalex.org/W2330620051","https://openalex.org/W2477887513","https://openalex.org/W2486485545","https://openalex.org/W2536620281","https://openalex.org/W2566527471","https://openalex.org/W2611524227","https://openalex.org/W2742856760","https://openalex.org/W2743403837","https://openalex.org/W2773986986","https://openalex.org/W2805972105","https://openalex.org/W2912904668","https://openalex.org/W3156330606","https://openalex.org/W6628508383","https://openalex.org/W6631269540","https://openalex.org/W6728664312","https://openalex.org/W7023982277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383601311","https://openalex.org/W2388607015","https://openalex.org/W2542453320","https://openalex.org/W186132510","https://openalex.org/W2159423485","https://openalex.org/W1632855133","https://openalex.org/W1600768314","https://openalex.org/W2359883120","https://openalex.org/W2519629845","https://openalex.org/W1604422854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,70,77,102,128],"case":[4,30],"study":[5,31],"that":[6],"demonstrates":[7],"how":[8],"tools":[9,166],"from":[10,73,149],"compositional":[11],"verification":[12,99,186],"can":[13],"be":[14,68],"used":[15,156],"to":[16,41,106,126,138,157,184,192],"design":[17,34],"and":[18,26,80,88,113,152],"analyze":[19],"complex":[20],"multi-agent":[21],"systems":[22],"operating":[23],"in":[24],"dynamic":[25],"uncertain":[27],"environments.":[28],"The":[29,49],"concerns":[32],"the":[33,61,74,81,90,107,110,114,122,133,140,144,178,194,197],"of":[35,109,135,142,180,187,196],"an":[36,43],"unmanned":[37,56],"multi-aircraft":[38],"system":[39,146],"tasked":[40],"compromise":[42,60],"aerial":[44],"encroacher":[45,75],"by":[46],"deploying":[47],"countermeasures.":[48],"constituent":[50],"agents,":[51],"termed":[52],"defenders,":[53],"are":[54,124,155,167,174],"fixed-wing":[55],"aircraft.":[57],"To":[58,118],"successfully":[59],"encroacher,":[62],"at":[63],"least":[64],"one":[65],"defender":[66],"must":[67,83],"within":[69],"prespecified":[71],"distance":[72],"for":[76],"certain":[78],"period,":[79],"defenders":[82],"avoid":[84],"collision":[85],"among":[86,116],"themselves":[87],"with":[89],"encroacher.":[91],"Verifying":[92],"this":[93],"global":[94,145],"property":[95],"using":[96],"monolithic":[97],"(system-level)":[98],"techniques":[100],"is":[101],"challenging":[103],"task":[104,141],"due":[105],"complexity":[108],"components":[111,123],"(defenders)":[112],"interactions":[115],"them.":[117],"overcome":[119],"these":[120],"challenges,":[121],"designed":[125],"have":[127],"modular":[129],"architecture,":[130],"thereby":[131],"enabling":[132],"use":[134,179],"component-based":[136],"reasoning":[137],"simplify":[139],"verifying":[143],"property.":[147],"Results":[148],"Euclidean":[150],"geometry":[151],"formal":[153],"methods":[154],"prove":[158],"most":[159],"component":[160,189],"properties.":[161],"For":[162],"properties":[163,190],"where":[164],"analytical":[165],"overly":[168],"conservative,":[169],"focused":[170],"Monte":[171],"Carlo":[172],"simulations":[173,181],"carried":[175],"out.":[176],"Restricting":[177],"(or":[182],"testing)":[183],"local":[185],"partial":[188],"leads":[191],"increasing":[193],"reliability":[195],"system.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
