{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999791762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966048","title":"Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter With Arm-Interchange Concept for Zero-/Low- Frequency Operation of AC Drives","display_name":"Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter With Arm-Interchange Concept for Zero-/Low- Frequency Operation of AC Drives","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999791762","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966048","mag":"2999791762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966048","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08957121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08957121.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045075603","display_name":"Ahmed Elserougi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84524832","display_name":"Alexandria University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mzz1w90","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Elserougi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-3051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84524832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078301708","display_name":"Ibrahim Abdelsalam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-1711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59272784","display_name":"Arab Academy for Science, Technology, and Maritime Transport","ror":"https://ror.org/0004vyj87","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim Abdelsalam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-1711","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59272784"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023955247","display_name":"Ahmed Massoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Massoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-469X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043154870","display_name":"Shehab Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-8745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shehab Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST University, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-8745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST University, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1200,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1294},"fwci":0.7285,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69550233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"14756","last_page":"14766"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11102","display_name":"HVDC Systems and Fault Protection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10361","display_name":"Silicon Carbide Semiconductor Technologies","score":0.9726999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14502","display_name":"High-Voltage Power Transmission Systems","score":0.909500002861023,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.633734405040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6300135850906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.6096986532211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thyristor","display_name":"Thyristor","score":0.5585141777992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.525661051273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5146442651748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.46647223830223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3708117604255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32656586170196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24317476153373718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.633734405040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6300135850906372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.6096986532211304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121922863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180805","display_name":"Thyristor","level":3,"score":0.5585141777992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.525661051273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5146442651748657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.46647223830223083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3708117604255676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32656586170196533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24317476153373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966048","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08957121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2082a5463372441881f487b6d274cb0e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2082a5463372441881f487b6d274cb0e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 14756-14766 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/24025239","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Hybrid_Modular_Multilevel_Converter_With_Arm-Interchange_Concept_for_Zero-_Low-_Frequency_Operation_of_AC_Drives/24025239","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/28745","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10576/28745","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/661037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/661037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2020.2966048","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2966048","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08957121.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G234187294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"9-092-2-045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","funder_display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321038","display_name":"Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/039z13y21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332753","display_name":"Qatar National Research Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/01svaqq28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999791762.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2999791762.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011975264","https://openalex.org/W2014370037","https://openalex.org/W2021770508","https://openalex.org/W2032504240","https://openalex.org/W2037239418","https://openalex.org/W2055019925","https://openalex.org/W2056370486","https://openalex.org/W2057957478","https://openalex.org/W2059649301","https://openalex.org/W2111311558","https://openalex.org/W2136509165","https://openalex.org/W2136740844","https://openalex.org/W2145139832","https://openalex.org/W2176862521","https://openalex.org/W2326291684","https://openalex.org/W2326444895","https://openalex.org/W2330274414","https://openalex.org/W2332788184","https://openalex.org/W2338421658","https://openalex.org/W2497422917","https://openalex.org/W2515899762","https://openalex.org/W2525980828","https://openalex.org/W2549788447","https://openalex.org/W2555777706","https://openalex.org/W2612771985","https://openalex.org/W2626022691","https://openalex.org/W2735227653","https://openalex.org/W2745000679","https://openalex.org/W2766002260","https://openalex.org/W2884169006","https://openalex.org/W2891963494","https://openalex.org/W2913115964","https://openalex.org/W2946088885","https://openalex.org/W4233539232","https://openalex.org/W6729709298"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4213279392","https://openalex.org/W2379676388","https://openalex.org/W2725874044","https://openalex.org/W2365452505","https://openalex.org/W2059544191","https://openalex.org/W3009399878","https://openalex.org/W4229441739","https://openalex.org/W614960760","https://openalex.org/W2092371272","https://openalex.org/W2150640605"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DC-AC":[0],"Modular":[1],"Multilevel":[2],"Converter":[3],"(MMC)":[4],"is":[5,25,35,86,104,118,126,172],"a":[6,80,105,119,169],"promising":[7],"candidate":[8],"for":[9,174],"high-power":[10],"AC":[11,22,165],"drive":[12,23,166],"applications.":[13,167],"The":[14,95,101],"main":[15],"challenge":[16],"of":[17,99,140,148],"operating":[18,90],"the":[19,38,47,115,141,149,156],"MMC":[20,82,97,143],"in":[21,43,58,66,164],"applications":[24],"its":[26],"performance":[27],"during":[28,92,158],"low-frequency":[29,39,59,93,159],"conditions,":[30],"as":[31],"high":[32],"voltage":[33,44,134],"ripple":[34],"associated":[36],"with":[37,83],"operation,":[40,60],"which":[41,68],"results":[42,147],"stresses":[45],"on":[46],"involved":[48],"semiconductor":[49],"devices.":[50],"To":[51],"keep":[52],"capacitor":[53],"voltages":[54],"balanced":[55],"and":[56,74,132,138,160],"bounded":[57],"different":[61],"techniques":[62],"have":[63],"been":[64],"proposed":[65,87,150],"literature,":[67],"can":[69],"be":[70],"classified":[71],"into":[72],"software":[73],"hardware":[75],"approaches.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"paper,":[79],"hybrid":[81,96,142],"arm-interchange":[84],"concept":[85],"to":[88,128,154],"ensure":[89],"successfully":[91],"conditions.":[94],"consists":[98],"two-stages.":[100],"first":[102],"stage":[103,117],"front-end":[106],"Integrated":[107],"Gate":[108],"Commutated":[109],"Thyristor":[110],"(IGCT)-based":[111],"H-bridge":[112],"converter,":[113],"while":[114],"second":[116],"Full-Bridge":[120],"Sub-Module":[121],"(FBSM)-based":[122],"MMC,":[123],"where":[124],"FBSMs":[125],"able":[127],"generate":[129],"positive,":[130],"zero,":[131],"negative":[133],"states.":[135],"Detailed":[136],"illustration":[137],"design":[139],"are":[144,152],"introduced.":[145],"Simulation":[146],"converter":[151],"presented":[153],"show":[155],"effectiveness":[157],"normal":[161],"frequency":[162],"conditions":[163],"Finally,":[168],"scaled-down":[170],"prototype":[171],"employed":[173],"experimental":[175],"validation.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}