{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998554475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963857","title":"Symbol Level Precoding With Low Resolution DACs for Constant Envelope OFDM MU-MIMO Systems","display_name":"Symbol Level Precoding With Low Resolution DACs for Constant Envelope OFDM MU-MIMO Systems","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998554475","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963857","mag":"2998554475"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963857","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08949506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08949506.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074241486","display_name":"Christos G. Tsinos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4790-1477"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christos G. Tsinos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085703240","display_name":"Stavros Domouchtsidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-6430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stavros Domouchtsidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080037825","display_name":"Bj\u00f6rn Ottersten","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2298-6774"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bjorn Ottersten","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability, and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074241486"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0393,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7573505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"12856","last_page":"12866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.885312557220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6196265816688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.6091974973678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5491845011711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.515845000743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49725058674812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.4694974720478058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4656468331813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36886829137802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.362691193819046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2286563515663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.12594100832939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11797511577606201}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.885312557220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6196265816688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.6091974973678589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5491845011711121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.515845000743866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49725058674812317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.4694974720478058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4656468331813812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36886829137802124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.362691193819046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2286563515663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.12594100832939148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11797511577606201}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963857","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08949506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1c4fb5da47374d45a922939149173643","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1c4fb5da47374d45a922939149173643","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 12856-12866 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/41949","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/41949","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963857","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963857","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08949506.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7461758821","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R007934/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998554475.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998554475.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1545861347","https://openalex.org/W1760105601","https://openalex.org/W1776974347","https://openalex.org/W1974708997","https://openalex.org/W1978423571","https://openalex.org/W2018295654","https://openalex.org/W2031858701","https://openalex.org/W2040621389","https://openalex.org/W2044108662","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2060183743","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2095984592","https://openalex.org/W2098126478","https://openalex.org/W2099062866","https://openalex.org/W2100776396","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2134179788","https://openalex.org/W2140578794","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2152481521","https://openalex.org/W2161473225","https://openalex.org/W2196484074","https://openalex.org/W2259323981","https://openalex.org/W2270735382","https://openalex.org/W2327337911","https://openalex.org/W2517686986","https://openalex.org/W2533046718","https://openalex.org/W2541405589","https://openalex.org/W2585411909","https://openalex.org/W2593443720","https://openalex.org/W2613591189","https://openalex.org/W2615403133","https://openalex.org/W2625300002","https://openalex.org/W2741241880","https://openalex.org/W2766185017","https://openalex.org/W2771808324","https://openalex.org/W2779152286","https://openalex.org/W2784553188","https://openalex.org/W2789947301","https://openalex.org/W2794455363","https://openalex.org/W2803170239","https://openalex.org/W2888031968","https://openalex.org/W2888933796","https://openalex.org/W2904556689","https://openalex.org/W2943699756","https://openalex.org/W2963332680","https://openalex.org/W2963415238","https://openalex.org/W2963511957","https://openalex.org/W2963992461","https://openalex.org/W2964287687","https://openalex.org/W2965065251","https://openalex.org/W3099569782","https://openalex.org/W3103200723","https://openalex.org/W4254313632","https://openalex.org/W4298334616","https://openalex.org/W6660872284","https://openalex.org/W6675352099","https://openalex.org/W6762069725","https://openalex.org/W7014245034"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W3190864439","https://openalex.org/W4386858283","https://openalex.org/W4315778014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,49],"Constant":[1],"Envelope":[2],"Symbol":[3],"Level":[4],"Precoding":[5],"(CESLP),":[6],"the":[7,11,18,22,29,50,53,74,86,89,122,157,167,178,181],"transmitted":[8],"signals":[9],"by":[10],"antennas":[12],"have":[13,79,195],"constant":[14],"amplitude":[15],"regardless":[16],"of":[17,31,88,117,180,197],"channel":[19],"realization":[20],"and":[21,38,56,82],"conveyed":[23],"information":[24],"symbols.":[25],"Such":[26],"solutions":[27],"enable":[28],"use":[30],"power-efficient":[32],"components,":[33],"i.e.":[34],"non-linear":[35],"power":[36,57,83],"amplifiers":[37],"thus,":[39],"are":[40],"suitable":[41],"for":[42,104],"systems":[43,110],"based":[44,155,191],"on":[45,156,192],"large-scale":[46],"antenna":[47,65],"arrays.":[48],"latter":[51],"systems,":[52],"hardware":[54,69],"complexity":[55,81,151],"consumption":[58,84],"can":[59],"be":[60],"limiting":[61],"factors":[62],"since":[63],"each":[64],"element":[66],"requires":[67],"dedicated":[68],"components.":[70],"These":[71],"components":[72],"include":[73],"Digital-to-Analog":[75],"Converters":[76],"(DACs)":[77],"that":[78,93,166,194],"exponential":[80],"with":[85,111],"number":[87],"supported":[90],"resolution.":[91],"To":[92],"end,":[94],"in":[95],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"a":[98,118,139,199],"CESLP":[99,184],"precoding":[100,133,185],"technique":[101,129],"is":[102,130,136,146,153,170,190],"presented":[103],"Multi-User":[105],"Multiple":[106],"Input-Multiple":[107],"Output":[108],"(MU-MIMO)":[109],"low":[112,150],"resolution":[113,183,196],"DACs.":[114],"The":[115,132],"case":[116],"multi-carrier":[119],"system":[120],"employing":[121],"well-known":[123],"Orthogonal":[124],"Frequency":[125],"Division":[126],"Multiplexing":[127],"(OFDM)":[128],"considered.":[131],"design":[134],"problem":[135],"formulated":[137],"as":[138],"mixed":[140],"discrete-continuous":[141],"least-squares":[142],"optimization":[143,162],"one":[144,179],"which":[145],"NP-hard.":[147],"An":[148],"efficient":[149],"solution":[152,169],"developed":[154],"Cyclic":[158],"Coordinate":[159],"Descent":[160],"(CCD)":[161],"framework.":[163],"Simulations":[164],"show":[165],"proposed":[168],"able":[171],"to":[172,177],"achieve":[173],"very":[174],"close":[175],"performance":[176],"infinite":[182],"counterpart":[186],"even":[187],"though,":[188],"it":[189],"DACs":[193],"only":[198],"few":[200],"bits.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}