{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997354072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963356","title":"Robust and Efficient Adaptive Beamforming Using Nested Subarray Principles","display_name":"Robust and Efficient Adaptive Beamforming Using Nested Subarray Principles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997354072","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963356","mag":"2997354072"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963356","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026672062","display_name":"Zhi Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-1439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering in Guangdong, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Dongguan, China","School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5033-1439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering in Guangdong, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Dongguan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103458531","display_name":"Tong Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101774279","display_name":"Di Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0166-6520"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Di Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049463786","display_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4466-9585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9816,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76994038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"4076","last_page":"4085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capon","display_name":"Capon","score":0.7701492309570312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-beamformer","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","score":0.7480939626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.6747254133224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6624866724014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6564984321594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.6099727749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5149617791175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vectorization","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","score":0.5001437664031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4885028600692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smoothing","display_name":"Smoothing","score":0.48627912998199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.18473762273788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12829264998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12028694152832031}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778955098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q594676","display_name":"Capon","level":3,"score":0.7701492309570312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33378366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4680719","display_name":"Adaptive beamformer","level":3,"score":0.7480939626693726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.6747254133224487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6624866724014282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6564984321594238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.6099727749824524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5149617791175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41681595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7917855","display_name":"Vectorization (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5001437664031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4885028600692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3770464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775963","display_name":"Smoothing","level":2,"score":0.48627912998199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.18473762273788452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12829264998435974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12028694152832031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5ac3a7cecada459fb4e8b9a9942680b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5ac3a7cecada459fb4e8b9a9942680b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 4076-4085 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2963356","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2963356","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3362803496","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2672018ZYGX2018J003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5903308080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YJ0191","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7409833073","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018A0303130064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8076789066","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u6db2\u6676\u6750\u6599\u7684\u5bbd\u5e26\u5e73\u9762\u53cd\u5c04\u9635\u6ce2\u675f\u626b\u63cf\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871086","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537030144","https://openalex.org/W1556226109","https://openalex.org/W1964521756","https://openalex.org/W1971846076","https://openalex.org/W1991229859","https://openalex.org/W2005602327","https://openalex.org/W2017680104","https://openalex.org/W2025907885","https://openalex.org/W2044000385","https://openalex.org/W2049007693","https://openalex.org/W2057077708","https://openalex.org/W2065296125","https://openalex.org/W2066218102","https://openalex.org/W2068889862","https://openalex.org/W2077602393","https://openalex.org/W2079779935","https://openalex.org/W2098174516","https://openalex.org/W2100975169","https://openalex.org/W2103049885","https://openalex.org/W2113168978","https://openalex.org/W2121484391","https://openalex.org/W2141437905","https://openalex.org/W2150065848","https://openalex.org/W2152170019","https://openalex.org/W2154354807","https://openalex.org/W2164440118","https://openalex.org/W2168200870","https://openalex.org/W2184917214","https://openalex.org/W2225303823","https://openalex.org/W2242301815","https://openalex.org/W2323168390","https://openalex.org/W2410807746","https://openalex.org/W2413693026","https://openalex.org/W2471253955","https://openalex.org/W2475682732","https://openalex.org/W2507598686","https://openalex.org/W2616555170","https://openalex.org/W2759286486","https://openalex.org/W2808724771","https://openalex.org/W2887288499","https://openalex.org/W2911845708","https://openalex.org/W2912347931","https://openalex.org/W2914255183","https://openalex.org/W2914623695","https://openalex.org/W2941430005","https://openalex.org/W2949904775","https://openalex.org/W2950636122","https://openalex.org/W2953900845","https://openalex.org/W2954842555","https://openalex.org/W2963757653","https://openalex.org/W2969550556","https://openalex.org/W2973057566","https://openalex.org/W2989768113","https://openalex.org/W2998711990","https://openalex.org/W3104682973","https://openalex.org/W6690252028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990699697","https://openalex.org/W2943800678","https://openalex.org/W2071031249","https://openalex.org/W2548664798","https://openalex.org/W3112142008","https://openalex.org/W2383148535","https://openalex.org/W2069366725","https://openalex.org/W3110859963","https://openalex.org/W2762529222","https://openalex.org/W2949904775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,31],"this":[1,32],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"an":[5,67],"adaptive":[6],"beamforming":[7,25],"algorithm":[8,97,135],"for":[9,27],"large":[10,115],"uniform":[11],"linear":[12],"arrays":[13],"(ULAs),":[14],"where":[15],"only":[16],"a":[17,114],"nested":[18,106],"subarray":[19],"is":[20,63,70,83],"utilized":[21],"to":[22,113,117],"calculate":[23],"the":[24,28,34,40,49,58,79,86,90,99,105,119,126,133,139],"coefficients":[26],"original":[29],"ULA.":[30],"algorithm,":[33],"steering":[35,93],"vectors":[36],"and":[37,43,53,57,74,89,108],"powers":[38],"of":[39,102,104],"signal-of-interest":[41],"(SOI)":[42],"interferences":[44],"are":[45],"firstly":[46],"estimated":[47,91],"using":[48],"Capon":[50],"spatial":[51,75],"spectrum":[52],"known":[54],"array":[55],"structure,":[56],"interference-plus-noise":[59],"covariance":[60],"matrix":[61],"(INCM)":[62],"then":[64],"constructed.":[65],"Subsequently,":[66],"augmented":[68,87],"INCM":[69,88],"formed":[71],"via":[72],"vectorization":[73],"smoothing":[76],"operations.":[77],"Finally,":[78],"beamformer":[80],"weight":[81],"vector":[82],"determined":[84],"by":[85],"SOI":[92,127],"vector.":[94],"Our":[95],"proposed":[96,134],"exploits":[98],"enhanced":[100],"degrees":[101],"freedom":[103],"array,":[107],"thus":[109],"can":[110],"be":[111],"applied":[112],"ULA":[116],"reduce":[118],"implementation":[120],"complexity.":[121],"Moreover,":[122],"it":[123],"fundamentally":[124],"eliminates":[125],"component.":[128],"Numerical":[129],"results":[130],"demonstrate":[131],"that":[132],"performs":[136],"better":[137],"than":[138],"existing":[140],"approaches.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
