{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997429195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2962695","title":"ARTDL: Adaptive Random Testing for Deep Learning Systems","display_name":"ARTDL: Adaptive Random Testing for Deep Learning Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997429195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2962695","mag":"2997429195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2962695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2962695","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08944083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08944083.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103152402","display_name":"Min Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-5823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335940","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090675101","display_name":"Aiguo Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-9832"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiguo Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103152402"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.3401,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92628475,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"3055","last_page":"3064"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10743","display_name":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.794165849685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7692558765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.6044864654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5820899605751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5665493011474609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4699421525001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.44698500633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.43579694628715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/system-testing","display_name":"System testing","score":0.4255392551422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4162202477455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3955824077129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.37935325503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3754989206790924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.12505149841308594}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.794165849685669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7692558765411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.6044864654541016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5820899605751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5665493011474609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4699421525001526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.44698500633239746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.43579694628715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7166840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199682","display_name":"System testing","level":2,"score":0.4255392551422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4162202477455139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3955824077129364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.37935325503349304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3754989206790924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.12505149841308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2962695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2962695","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08944083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7edc21e98370464cba3fdccfb638a7ed","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7edc21e98370464cba3fdccfb638a7ed","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 3055-3064 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2962695","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2962695","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08944083.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1121271761","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Program","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2376276132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3098713759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L172010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G346298384","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5703918785","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5939423041","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6114126583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"xx2018083","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326444","funder_display_name":"Nova"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7295829493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018XKJC03","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7498230063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"201911","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8202390991","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871416","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8951484681","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321470","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326444","display_name":"Nova","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997429195.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997429195.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W196769515","https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1663973292","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1966030793","https://openalex.org/W1975446127","https://openalex.org/W1979345446","https://openalex.org/W2041713059","https://openalex.org/W2043998723","https://openalex.org/W2071112258","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2098639318","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2130274814","https://openalex.org/W2153649445","https://openalex.org/W2157083801","https://openalex.org/W2160306971","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2167510172","https://openalex.org/W2184045248","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2206858481","https://openalex.org/W2257338549","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2327714942","https://openalex.org/W2329134379","https://openalex.org/W2342840547","https://openalex.org/W2565186948","https://openalex.org/W2616028256","https://openalex.org/W2782311202","https://openalex.org/W2793633339","https://openalex.org/W2804337238","https://openalex.org/W2888824816","https://openalex.org/W2917321477","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2954678575","https://openalex.org/W2963327228","https://openalex.org/W2963591911","https://openalex.org/W3007157104","https://openalex.org/W3008797115","https://openalex.org/W3099444373","https://openalex.org/W3213458668","https://openalex.org/W4212863985","https://openalex.org/W4288283515","https://openalex.org/W4289143850","https://openalex.org/W6607953371","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6684372118","https://openalex.org/W6688059459","https://openalex.org/W6691747091","https://openalex.org/W6704559304","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6749550085","https://openalex.org/W6757211592","https://openalex.org/W6765411980","https://openalex.org/W6766309102","https://openalex.org/W6774112282"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3048108174","https://openalex.org/W2147116815","https://openalex.org/W2527390967","https://openalex.org/W3155744979","https://openalex.org/W2405583496","https://openalex.org/W2102816555","https://openalex.org/W2547155723","https://openalex.org/W2107296284","https://openalex.org/W4295918990","https://openalex.org/W1838390347"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"recent":[1],"breakthroughs":[2],"in":[3,12,253],"Deep":[4],"Learning":[5],"(DL),":[6],"DL":[7,29,35,54,90,98,119,131,150,221,251],"systems":[8,36,99,132],"are":[9,20,37,164,234],"increasingly":[10],"deployed":[11],"safety-critical":[13],"fields.":[14],"Hence,":[15],"some":[16],"software":[17,72],"testing":[18,66,88,97],"methods":[19],"required":[21],"to":[22,45,112,143,154,166,198,228,237,247,274],"ensure":[23],"the":[24,32,47,57,69,87,93,106,114,126,136,145,155,171,175,185,191,200,211,217,230,242,254,268,276],"reliability":[25],"and":[26,68,124,205,259],"safety":[27],"of":[28,34,53,89,116,147,157,213,220,256,270],"systems.":[30,55,91,151],"Since":[31],"rules":[33,49],"inferred":[38],"from":[39,178],"training":[40],"data,":[41],"it":[42],"is":[43,63,74,83,135,279],"difficult":[44],"know":[46],"implementation":[48,73],"about":[50,71],"each":[51],"behavior":[52],"At":[56],"same":[58],"time,":[59],"Random":[60,128,139],"Testing":[61,129,140],"(RT)":[62],"a":[64],"popular":[65],"method":[67,142],"knowledge":[70],"not":[75],"needed":[76,165],"when":[77],"we":[78,121,183,209,224],"use":[79],"RT.":[80,287],"Therefore,":[81],"RT":[82,104,117,148],"very":[84],"suitable":[85],"for":[86,96,118,130,149],"And":[92],"existing":[94],"mechanisms":[95],"also":[100],"depend":[101],"heavily":[102],"on":[103,241,266],"by":[105,169,215,281],"labeled":[107],"test":[108,162,172,180,231,248,271],"data.":[109],"In":[110],"order":[111],"increase":[113],"effectiveness":[115,146],"systems,":[120],"design,":[122],"implement":[123,245],"evaluate":[125],"Adaptive":[127,138],"(ARTDL),":[133],"which":[134],"first":[137,277],"(ART)":[141],"improve":[144],"ARTDL":[152,226,246],"refers":[153],"idea":[156],"ART.":[158],"That":[159],"is,":[160],"fewer":[161],"cases":[163,232,272],"detect":[167],"failures":[168,239],"selecting":[170],"case":[173],"with":[174,286],"furthest":[176],"distance":[177,192],"non-failure-causing":[179,206],"cases.":[181],"Firstly,":[182],"propose":[184],"Feature-based":[186],"Euclidean":[187],"Distance":[188],"(FED)":[189],"as":[190],"metric":[193],"that":[194,233],"can":[195],"be":[196],"used":[197,273],"measure":[199],"difference":[201],"between":[202],"failure-causing":[203],"inputs":[204],"inputs.":[207],"Secondly,":[208],"verify":[210],"availability":[212],"FED":[214],"presenting":[216],"failure":[218],"pattern":[219],"models.":[222],"Finally,":[223],"design":[225],"algorithm":[227],"generate":[229],"more":[235],"likely":[236],"cause":[238],"based":[240],"FED.":[243],"We":[244],"top":[249],"performing":[250],"models":[252],"field":[255],"image":[257],"classification":[258],"automatic":[260],"driving.":[261],"The":[262],"results":[263],"show":[264],"that,":[265],"average,":[267],"number":[269],"find":[275],"bug":[278],"reduced":[280],"62.74%":[282],"through":[283],"ARTDL,":[284],"compared":[285]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}