{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997746376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961791","title":"Supervised-Learning-Based Optimal Thermal Management in an Electric Vehicle","display_name":"Supervised-Learning-Based Optimal Thermal Management in an Electric Vehicle","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997746376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961791","mag":"2997746376"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961791","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939476.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939476.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051582437","display_name":"Jonghyun Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonghyun Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-1220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055588350","display_name":"Young-Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-7735"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youngjin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-7735","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051582437"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1671,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88045779,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"1290","last_page":"1302"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solver","display_name":"Solver","score":0.7099771499633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6625285148620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5688955783843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.5339884161949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.513773500919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.5099200010299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.44582968950271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.439449667930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise","display_name":"Piecewise","score":0.4363245964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.4360009431838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/piecewise-linear-function","display_name":"Piecewise linear function","score":0.43409016728401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.42893078923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.41914379596710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.32089048624038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.23081427812576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.19890636205673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1668354570865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15889593958854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11233678460121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10699877142906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09391969442367554}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778770139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966904","display_name":"Solver","level":2,"score":0.7099771499633789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6625285148620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5688955783843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.5339884161949158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.513773500919342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.5099200010299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.44582968950271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.439449667930603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164660894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2037833","display_name":"Piecewise","level":2,"score":0.4363245964050293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.4360009431838989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17095337","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2375229","display_name":"Piecewise linear function","level":2,"score":0.43409016728401184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.42893078923225403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.41914379596710205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.32089048624038696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.23081427812576294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.19890636205673218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1668354570865631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15889593958854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11233678460121155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10699877142906189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09391969442367554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961791","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939476.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12765b3e332445c88f45ab9d8e365753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12765b3e332445c88f45ab9d8e365753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 1290-1302 (2020)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/101210","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/101210","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961791","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961791","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939476.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2284286636","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019M3F2A1073402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8570897051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2019M3F2A1073402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997746376.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997746376.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1715447589","https://openalex.org/W1964074937","https://openalex.org/W1966205360","https://openalex.org/W1974283773","https://openalex.org/W2000155136","https://openalex.org/W2008301949","https://openalex.org/W2008426812","https://openalex.org/W2017714866","https://openalex.org/W2051812123","https://openalex.org/W2060095104","https://openalex.org/W2114623221","https://openalex.org/W2290304036","https://openalex.org/W2329367870","https://openalex.org/W2336540260","https://openalex.org/W2414929806","https://openalex.org/W2496108968","https://openalex.org/W2502165879","https://openalex.org/W2587347436","https://openalex.org/W2593465270","https://openalex.org/W2625161879","https://openalex.org/W2758219826","https://openalex.org/W2806819900","https://openalex.org/W2809779847","https://openalex.org/W2836120994","https://openalex.org/W2890124471","https://openalex.org/W2903049349","https://openalex.org/W2943513974","https://openalex.org/W2965093385","https://openalex.org/W2970536491","https://openalex.org/W4255949318","https://openalex.org/W4393335601","https://openalex.org/W6762182434"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186864281","https://openalex.org/W2133947431","https://openalex.org/W3182827720","https://openalex.org/W1596838019","https://openalex.org/W2490196280","https://openalex.org/W3208509670","https://openalex.org/W2100864966","https://openalex.org/W2109304297","https://openalex.org/W2083709218","https://openalex.org/W4323366562"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,133],"the":[2,10,36,55,59,93,97,125,134,137,140,148,153,167,172,176,190,199,205],"increasing":[3],"market":[4],"share":[5],"of":[6,15,35,58,96,127,139,152,175],"electric":[7],"vehicles":[8],"(EVs),":[9],"optimal":[11,56,119,186],"thermal":[12],"management":[13],"(TM)":[14],"batteries":[16],"has":[17],"recently":[18],"received":[19],"significant":[20],"attention.":[21],"Optimal":[22],"battery":[23,181,206],"temperature":[24,182,207],"control":[25],"is":[26,193],"challenging,":[27],"requiring":[28],"a":[29,50,128],"detailed":[30],"model":[31,169,192],"and":[32,44,76,158],"numerous":[33],"parameters":[34],"TM":[37,60,67,98,120,154,177,187],"system,":[38,178],"which":[39,109],"includes":[40],"fans,":[41],"pumps,":[42],"compressors,":[43],"heat":[45],"exchangers.":[46],"This":[47,122],"paper":[48],"proposes":[49],"supervised":[51],"learning":[52],"strategy":[53,188],"for":[54,66,118,147],"operation":[57],"system":[61],"in":[62,197],"an":[63,115,209],"EV.":[64],"Specifically,":[65],"subsystems,":[68],"individual":[69],"artificial":[70],"neural":[71],"networks":[72],"(ANNs)":[73],"are":[74,88,103,145],"implemented":[75],"trained":[77,101],"with":[78],"data":[79],"obtained":[80],"under":[81],"normal":[82],"EV":[83],"driving":[84],"conditions.":[85],"The":[86,100,161,184],"ANNs":[87,102],"then":[89],"interconnected":[90],"based":[91],"on":[92],"physical":[94],"configuration":[95],"system.":[99],"replicated":[104],"using":[105,189],"piecewise":[106],"linear":[107,130],"equations,":[108],"can":[110],"be":[111],"explicitly":[112],"integrated":[113,157],"into":[114],"optimization":[116],"problem":[117],"scheduling.":[121],"approach":[123],"enables":[124],"application":[126],"mixed-integer":[129],"programming":[131],"solver":[132],"problem,":[135],"ensuring":[136],"optimality":[138],"solution.":[141],"Simulation":[142],"case":[143,162],"studies":[144],"performed":[146],"two":[149],"operating":[150,173],"modes":[151],"system:":[155],"i.e.,":[156],"separate":[159],"modes.":[160],"study":[163],"results":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"ANN-based":[168,191],"successfully":[170],"reflects":[171],"characteristics":[174],"enabling":[179],"accurate":[180],"estimation.":[183],"proposed":[185],"verified":[194],"as":[195],"effective":[196],"reducing":[198],"total":[200],"energy":[201],"consumption,":[202],"while":[203],"maintaining":[204],"within":[208],"acceptable":[210],"range.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
