{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997153402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961760","title":"A CNN-Based Post-Processing Algorithm for Video Coding Efficiency Improvement","display_name":"A CNN-Based Post-Processing Algorithm for Video Coding Efficiency Improvement","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997153402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961760","mag":"2997153402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961760","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939464.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101442064","display_name":"Haiwu Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-7358"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haiwu Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5851-7358","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101695019","display_name":"Ming He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-832X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9723-832X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032962450","display_name":"Guowei Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-5070"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guowei Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8725-5070","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018198094","display_name":"Xiwu Shang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiwu Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-715X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101865726","display_name":"Guozhong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-8983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guozhong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9115-8983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005439405","display_name":"Yiyan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-2623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiyan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2705-2623","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101442064"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0206,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81482707,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"920","last_page":"929"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.773808479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deblocking-filter","display_name":"Deblocking filter","score":0.6789186596870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lossy-compression","display_name":"Lossy compression","score":0.5877081155776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5721301436424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding-tree-unit","display_name":"Coding tree unit","score":0.5582966804504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5376222729682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-adaptive-binary-arithmetic-coding","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","score":0.5374247431755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ringing-artifacts","display_name":"Ringing artifacts","score":0.5290277004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compression-artifact","display_name":"Compression artifact","score":0.48233625292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiview-video-coding","display_name":"Multiview Video Coding","score":0.4695497155189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44064295291900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithmic-efficiency","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","score":0.43323081731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-compression","display_name":"Data compression","score":0.43009546399116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/view-synthesis","display_name":"View synthesis","score":0.4135812520980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.40714049339294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-processing","display_name":"Video processing","score":0.3230840563774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.27510517835617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-compression","display_name":"Image compression","score":0.257174551486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.22751224040985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.19095474481582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18592610955238342}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.773808479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143184774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3020846","display_name":"Deblocking filter","level":2,"score":0.6789186596870422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165021410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55564","display_name":"Lossy compression","level":2,"score":0.5877081155776978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5721301436424255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190750250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13533439","display_name":"Coding tree unit","level":3,"score":0.5582966804504395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5376222729682922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175732694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128713","display_name":"Context-adaptive binary arithmetic coding","level":3,"score":0.5374247431755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17828673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7334899","display_name":"Ringing artifacts","level":3,"score":0.5290277004241943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57654395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097775","display_name":"Compression artifact","level":5,"score":0.48233625292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23431618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1404672","display_name":"Multiview Video Coding","level":4,"score":0.4695497155189514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44064295291900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116709606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1296251","display_name":"Algorithmic efficiency","level":3,"score":0.43323081731796265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78548338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493","display_name":"Data compression","level":2,"score":0.43009546399116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776449333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928781","display_name":"View synthesis","level":3,"score":0.4135812520980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.40714049339294434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65483669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3536669","display_name":"Video processing","level":2,"score":0.3230840563774109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.27510517835617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13481523","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412438","display_name":"Image compression","level":4,"score":0.257174551486969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.22751224040985107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.19095474481582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18592610955238342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205711294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176953","display_name":"Rendering (computer graphics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961760","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:45e19ae0974e4bc388985aa31e99c7fe","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/45e19ae0974e4bc388985aa31e99c7fe","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 920-929 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961760","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08939464.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997153402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2997153402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W2027413591","https://openalex.org/W2030265202","https://openalex.org/W2033588083","https://openalex.org/W2040903332","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2113278123","https://openalex.org/W2123113293","https://openalex.org/W2140196014","https://openalex.org/W2142683286","https://openalex.org/W2146395539","https://openalex.org/W2167267119","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2242218935","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2477177239","https://openalex.org/W2510648513","https://openalex.org/W2612222456","https://openalex.org/W2753769518","https://openalex.org/W2791152551","https://openalex.org/W2792186562","https://openalex.org/W2803532311","https://openalex.org/W2806156052","https://openalex.org/W2897694710","https://openalex.org/W2949117887","https://openalex.org/W2949127582","https://openalex.org/W2953384591","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2971177183","https://openalex.org/W6602211262","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6713134421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2618155942","https://openalex.org/W39477326","https://openalex.org/W1527029087","https://openalex.org/W2807841019","https://openalex.org/W2017993791","https://openalex.org/W1963448103","https://openalex.org/W2140689276","https://openalex.org/W950823914","https://openalex.org/W1962116857","https://openalex.org/W4372048965"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Lossy":[0],"compression":[1],"algorithms":[2],"are":[3],"widely":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,33,116,236],"video":[7,37,46,80],"coding.":[8,38],"However,":[9],"lossy":[10],"compressed":[11],"videos":[12],"exist":[13],"some":[14],"annoying":[15],"distortion":[16,76,87],"and":[17,23,62,77,186,201,234,248],"artifacts,":[18],"such":[19],"as":[20],"blocking,":[21],"blurring,":[22],"ringing.":[24],"Thus,":[25],"coding":[26,57,139,196],"efficiency":[27],"improvement":[28,54],"is":[29,88,93,159,209,261],"a":[30,44,68,89,146],"steady-state":[31],"topic":[32],"the":[34,53,56,75,79,83,86,103,109,113,117,124,128,132,138,165,169,172,181,195,204,213,216],"domain":[35],"of":[36,55,85,105,198,215,230,238],"High":[39],"Efficiency":[40],"Video":[41],"Coding":[42],"(HEVC),":[43],"recent":[45],"standard,":[47],"adopts":[48],"two":[49],"in-loop":[50,72],"filters":[51,73],"for":[52,240],"efficiency,":[58],"including":[59],"deblocking":[60],"(DB)":[61],"sample":[63],"adaptive":[64],"offset":[65],"(SAO).":[66],"In":[67,141,190],"certain":[69],"extent,":[70],"traditional":[71,99],"reduce":[74],"improve":[78],"quality.":[81],"But":[82],"reduction":[84,229],"nonlinear":[90],"problem":[91],"that":[92,258],"difficult":[94],"to":[95,111,123,168,183,192,211,220],"be":[96],"solved":[97],"by":[98],"linear":[100],"filters.":[101],"Recently,":[102],"progress":[104],"deep":[106],"learning":[107],"shows":[108],"possibility":[110],"settle":[112],"complex":[114],"problems":[115],"computer":[118],"vision":[119],"field.":[120],"Meanwhile,":[121],"according":[122],"compressive":[125],"sensing":[126],"theory,":[127],"post-processing":[129],"method":[130,260],"at":[131,171],"decoder":[133,173],"end":[134],"can":[135],"further":[136],"enhance":[137],"efficiency.":[140],"this":[142],"paper,":[143],"we":[144,179],"propose":[145],"variable-filter-size":[147],"Residue-learning":[148],"convolutional":[149],"neural":[150],"network":[151],"with":[152],"batch":[153],"normalization":[154],"layer":[155],"(VRCNN-BN).":[156],"Our":[157],"model":[158,170,182],"an":[160,226],"end-to-end":[161],"model.":[162],"We":[163],"feed":[164],"decoded":[166],"pictures":[167,185],"end.":[174],"Different":[175],"from":[176],"previous":[177],"methods,":[178],"apply":[180],"luma":[184,200],"chroma":[187,202],"pictures,":[188],"respectively.":[189,253],"order":[191],"comprehensively":[193],"evaluate":[194],"performance":[197],"both":[199],"components,":[203],"color-sensitivity-based":[205],"combined":[206],"PSNR":[207],"(CS-PSNR)":[208],"exploited":[210],"measure":[212],"effectiveness":[214],"proposed":[217],"method.":[218],"Compared":[219],"HEVC":[221],"baseline,":[222],"our":[223,259],"approach":[224],"achieves":[225],"average":[227],"BD-rate":[228],"10.3%,":[231],"8.9%,":[232],"13.1%":[233],"11.8%":[235],"terms":[237],"CS-PSNR":[239],"random":[241],"access,":[242],"all":[243],"intra,":[244],"low":[245,249],"delay":[246,250],"P":[247],"B":[251],"configurations,":[252],"Abundant":[254],"experimental":[255],"results":[256],"indicate":[257],"better":[262],"than":[263],"existing":[264],"similar":[265],"methods.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}