{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2997231683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961704","title":"Solar Ultraviolet Exposure and Absorbed Irradiance of the Cornea and Anterior Chamber/Lens: A Monitoring Model Using Porcine Eyes in a Manikin","display_name":"Solar Ultraviolet Exposure and Absorbed Irradiance of the Cornea and Anterior Chamber/Lens: A Monitoring Model Using Porcine Eyes in a Manikin","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2997231683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961704","mag":"2997231683"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961704","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101406882","display_name":"Hui Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-7143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-7143","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101400037","display_name":"Li\u2010Wen Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-1445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liwen Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7786-1445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health Risk Assessment, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041891783","display_name":"Rentong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-874X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rentong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6983-874X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101928999","display_name":"Nan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-2612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-2612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101998988","display_name":"Fangfang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-7908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangfang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8185-7908","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354020","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-0581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1056-0581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056417543","display_name":"Tianyao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-1338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianyao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0613-1338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356081","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-0380"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91656880","display_name":"China Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/032d4f246","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0866-0380","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Public Health, China Medical University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101406882"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91656880"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2564,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57691871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"623","last_page":"632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11480","display_name":"Connexins and lens biology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11480","display_name":"Connexins and lens biology","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10563","display_name":"Corneal surgery and disorders","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10381","display_name":"Ophthalmology and Visual Impairment Studies","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cornea","display_name":"Cornea","score":0.7627807855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irradiance","display_name":"Irradiance","score":0.6430591940879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunlight","display_name":"Sunlight","score":0.6386697888374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-irradiance","display_name":"Solar irradiance","score":0.5656931400299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultraviolet","display_name":"Ultraviolet","score":0.5495896339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/absorption","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","score":0.5174144506454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiation","display_name":"Radiation","score":0.4933539927005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4705755114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-simulator","display_name":"Solar simulator","score":0.4169450104236603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.35523954033851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3408292233943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.20696887373924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15238678455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atmospheric-sciences","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","score":0.14770421385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solar-cell","display_name":"Solar cell","score":0.06762462854385376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776882836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168291","display_name":"Cornea","level":2,"score":0.7627807855606079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46423501","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830654","display_name":"Irradiance","level":2,"score":0.6430591940879822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170853661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193788","display_name":"Sunlight","level":2,"score":0.6386697888374329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9695528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7556707","display_name":"Solar irradiance","level":2,"score":0.5656931400299072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776798109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11391","display_name":"Ultraviolet","level":2,"score":0.5495896339416504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125287762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758948","display_name":"Absorption (acoustics)","level":2,"score":0.5174144506454468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153385146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18335","display_name":"Radiation","level":2,"score":0.4933539927005768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4705755114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118662481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302038","display_name":"Solar simulator","level":3,"score":0.4169450104236603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35523954033851624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3408292233943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.20696887373924255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15238678455352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.14770421385765076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780824857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58803","display_name":"Solar cell","level":2,"score":0.06762462854385376}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4b48898ae66145aca15e82b7a2a2bc8a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4b48898ae66145aca15e82b7a2a2bc8a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 623-632 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2961704","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2961704","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","score":0.8600000143051147,"display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G634162629","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC 81673133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8555222501","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSFC 81302404","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W223751095","https://openalex.org/W1526091749","https://openalex.org/W1653145108","https://openalex.org/W1976334037","https://openalex.org/W1980221842","https://openalex.org/W1981768098","https://openalex.org/W2043200085","https://openalex.org/W2059075722","https://openalex.org/W2059157914","https://openalex.org/W2059739898","https://openalex.org/W2060409468","https://openalex.org/W2070062560","https://openalex.org/W2071889856","https://openalex.org/W2072267068","https://openalex.org/W2080386729","https://openalex.org/W2087624730","https://openalex.org/W2094286957","https://openalex.org/W2100303609","https://openalex.org/W2111536226","https://openalex.org/W2121753534","https://openalex.org/W2126822367","https://openalex.org/W2133918818","https://openalex.org/W2167230196","https://openalex.org/W2322029944","https://openalex.org/W2352482594","https://openalex.org/W2402702313","https://openalex.org/W2476994094","https://openalex.org/W2547017497","https://openalex.org/W2551352130","https://openalex.org/W2739295688","https://openalex.org/W2740530891","https://openalex.org/W2761470452","https://openalex.org/W2795248290","https://openalex.org/W2914453573","https://openalex.org/W2916830147","https://openalex.org/W4254246864","https://openalex.org/W6631514394","https://openalex.org/W6758615315"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530649511","https://openalex.org/W2914853598","https://openalex.org/W3104379783","https://openalex.org/W2131174359","https://openalex.org/W4322211974","https://openalex.org/W2884263184","https://openalex.org/W2995848355","https://openalex.org/W1749313231","https://openalex.org/W3201088759","https://openalex.org/W2023949803"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Solar":[0],"ultraviolet":[1],"(UV)":[2],"radiation":[3,79],"is":[4],"an":[5,262],"unavoidable":[6],"environmental":[7],"and":[8,37,43,52,74,166,186,190,238,252,259],"physical":[9],"factor":[10],"that":[11,128,145,213],"contributes":[12],"to":[13,59,65,72,83,93,106,224,227,233],"a":[14,101,111,123,180,202],"variety":[15],"of":[16,27,45,69,77,89,113,118,135,146,195,222],"eye":[17,28],"diseases.":[18],"Previous":[19],"studies":[20,258],"have":[21],"mostly":[22],"focused":[23],"on":[24,249],"the":[25,67,75,85,108,129,136,140,147,152,164,172,177,188,210,220,236,243],"mechanism":[26],"damage":[29],"caused":[30],"by":[31],"acute":[32],"UV":[33,41,46,95,132,193,218,229,257],"radiation.":[34,96],"However,":[35],"long-term":[36],"low-level":[38],"day-to-day":[39],"solar":[40,94,114,131,207,217,228],"irradiance":[42,133,194,230,254],"absorption":[44,157],"ocular":[47,70,91,196,216],"tissue":[48,71,92,197],"induce":[49],"chronic":[50],"damage,":[51],"cumulative":[53],"exposure":[54,68,88,134,226,251],"over":[55],"time":[56],"may":[57],"lead":[58],"age-related":[60],"oculopathy.":[61],"This":[62],"study":[63,126,178,211],"aimed":[64],"monitor":[66],"sunlight":[73,239],"amount":[76],"incident":[78],"absorbed.":[80],"We":[81],"attempted":[82],"simulate":[84],"actual":[86,250],"natural":[87],"representative":[90],"Therefore,":[97],"in":[98,201,235],"this":[99],"study,":[100],"dual-detector":[102],"spectrometer":[103],"was":[104,138,150],"used":[105],"measure":[107],"exposure,":[109,143,219],"at":[110,198],"range":[112],"elevation":[115],"angles":[116],"(SEAs),":[117],"porcine":[119,184],"eyes":[120,185],"implanted":[121],"into":[122],"manikin.":[124],"The":[125,156],"found":[127],"maximum":[130],"cornea":[137,165],"one-half":[139],"horizontal":[141,153],"ambient":[142,154,206],"while":[144],"anterior":[148,173],"chamber/lens":[149],"one-fifth":[151],"exposure.":[155],"ratio":[158,221],"decreased":[159],"with":[160,168,204],"increasing":[161,169],"wavelength":[162,170],"for":[163,171,214,255,265],"increased":[167],"chamber/lens.":[174],"In":[175],"conclusion,":[176],"established":[179],"monitoring":[181],"model":[182],"using":[183],"determined":[187],"absolute":[189],"relative":[191],"exposure/absorbed":[192],"all":[199],"SEAs":[200],"context":[203],"high":[205],"UV.":[208],"Furthermore,":[209],"indicated":[212],"individual":[215],"absorbed":[223,253],"total":[225],"varied":[231],"due":[232],"changes":[234],"SEA":[237],"path":[240],"length":[241],"throughout":[242],"day.":[244],"These":[245],"findings":[246],"provide":[247,261],"data":[248],"future":[256],"might":[260],"exposure-based":[263],"reference":[264],"cataractogenesis.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}