{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994905602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959612","title":"Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Precoding for mmWave Massive MIMO With Low-Resolution ADCs/DACs","display_name":"Spectral and Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Precoding for mmWave Massive MIMO With Low-Resolution ADCs/DACs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994905602","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959612","mag":"2994905602"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2959612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959612","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08932492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08932492.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000817462","display_name":"Qingfeng Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-9724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qingfeng Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-9724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044409557","display_name":"Yuqian Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-5480"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuqian Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5260-5480","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052886446","display_name":"Xinpeng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1036-1147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13985625","display_name":"East China Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2f1m38","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinpeng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1036-1147","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Automation Engineering, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000817462"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13985625"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3319,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81781468,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"186529","last_page":"186537"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.9712136387825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.7259378433227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6303523182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6279883980751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero-forcing-precoding","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","score":0.6241170167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5413607954978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.5187007188796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.19284677505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16035011410713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15237542986869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10173836350440979}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.9712136387825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.7259378433227539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6303523182868958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6279883980751038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155437304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8069444","display_name":"Zero-forcing precoding","level":5,"score":0.6241170167922974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5413607954978943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.5187007188796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.19284677505493164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16035011410713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15237542986869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10173836350440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2959612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959612","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08932492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:67b10f6cb8cd4210a983c48f1be427ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/67b10f6cb8cd4210a983c48f1be427ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 186529-186537 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2959612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959612","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08932492.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4072231515","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20192ACB21003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4687487888","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20171BAB202001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355186527","display_name":"\u8f68\u9053\u4ea4\u901a\u975e\u5e73\u7a33\u4fe1\u9053\u57fa\u4e8e\u80fd\u6548\u4f18\u5148\u7684\u5927\u89c4\u6a21MIMO\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61961018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322665","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994905602.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994905602.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895366383","https://openalex.org/W1991608775","https://openalex.org/W2016999686","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2114691954","https://openalex.org/W2189415357","https://openalex.org/W2195833401","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2345417877","https://openalex.org/W2589646279","https://openalex.org/W2735854379","https://openalex.org/W2754625146","https://openalex.org/W2759209584","https://openalex.org/W2766731005","https://openalex.org/W2789863517","https://openalex.org/W2789947301","https://openalex.org/W2791562806","https://openalex.org/W2805657678","https://openalex.org/W2809484871","https://openalex.org/W2886270111","https://openalex.org/W2888797501","https://openalex.org/W2909794597","https://openalex.org/W2921759858","https://openalex.org/W2942547877","https://openalex.org/W2943699756","https://openalex.org/W2947529477","https://openalex.org/W2962720842","https://openalex.org/W2963415238","https://openalex.org/W2964287687","https://openalex.org/W6762069725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111825998","https://openalex.org/W2326544815","https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W1973158664","https://openalex.org/W1731022149","https://openalex.org/W1996933839","https://openalex.org/W2000226056","https://openalex.org/W4315778014","https://openalex.org/W4386858283","https://openalex.org/W1979957996"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,68],"investigate":[4],"the":[5,17,36,45,54,63,77,83,90,103,106,111,117,132,137,144,148,153,156,163,167,173,178],"spectral":[6],"efficiency":[7,11],"(SE)":[8],"and":[9,30,87,94,136,150,169],"energy":[10],"(EE)":[12],"of":[13,39,56,158,166],"hybrid":[14,58,79,95,124,139,179],"precoding":[15,59,93,96,125,140],"in":[16,50,155],"point-to-point":[18],"mmWave":[19],"massive":[20],"multiple-input":[21],"multiple-output":[22],"(MIMO)":[23],"system":[24,104],"with":[25,89,105,116],"low-resolution":[26],"analog-to-digital":[27],"converters":[28,32],"(ADCs)":[29],"digital-to-analog":[31],"(DACs).":[33],"First,":[34],"considering":[35],"quantization":[37],"noise":[38],"ADCs/DACs,":[40],"an":[41],"approximation":[42,66],"expression":[43],"for":[44,177],"SE":[46,86,113,149,164],"is":[47],"derived.":[48],"Then,":[49],"order":[51],"to":[52,75,131],"solve":[53],"problem":[55],"non-convex":[57],"design,":[60],"based":[61],"on":[62],"derived":[64],"analytical":[65],"expression,":[67],"propose":[69],"a":[70],"two-stage":[71],"alternating":[72],"minimization":[73],"scheme":[74,108,141],"obtain":[76],"optimal":[78],"precoder":[80],"matrix.":[81],"And":[82],"trade-offs":[84],"between":[85,147],"EE":[88,175],"full":[91,118,133],"digital":[92,119,134],"are":[97],"investigated.":[98],"Numerical":[99],"results":[100],"verify":[101],"that":[102],"proposed":[107,138],"has":[109],"nearly":[110],"same":[112],"performance":[114,165,176],"as":[115],"precoding.":[120,180],"The":[121],"fully":[122],"connected":[123],"can":[126,142,160],"be":[127],"more":[128],"energy-efficient":[129],"compared":[130],"precoding,":[135],"achieve":[143,172],"better":[145],"trade-off":[146],"EE.":[151],"Moreover,":[152],"increase":[154],"resolution":[157],"ADCs/DACs":[159,171],"effectively":[161],"improve":[162],"system,":[168],"4-bits":[170],"best":[174]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T09:05:17.133730","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}