{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2998088892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959036","title":"A Dynamic Rectified Linear Activation Units","display_name":"A Dynamic Rectified Linear Activation Units","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2998088892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959036","mag":"2998088892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2959036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959036","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08931559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08931559.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049297070","display_name":"Xiaobin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3472-988X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091324331","display_name":"Peifeng Niu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-429X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peifeng Niu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101469331","display_name":"Jianmei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6123-6688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48381559","display_name":"Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05g1mag11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48381559"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianmei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Horticulture Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48381559"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375473","display_name":"Xinxin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8239-7050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39333907","display_name":"Yanshan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02txfnf15","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinxin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049297070"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39333907"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3006,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86123606,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"180409","last_page":"180416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.9589414596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.8117238283157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7425369024276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-network","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","score":0.732391893863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceptron","display_name":"Perceptron","score":0.6942688822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilayer-perceptron","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","score":0.5745581984519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5427475571632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5128755569458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-forward","display_name":"Feed forward","score":0.5022850036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.4432200789451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/types-of-artificial-neural-networks","display_name":"Types of artificial neural networks","score":0.43826955556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-delay-neural-network","display_name":"Time delay neural network","score":0.4159243702888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3671758770942688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.9589414596557617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.8117238283157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7425369024276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.732391893863678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60908668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690207","display_name":"Perceptron","level":3,"score":0.6942688822746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179717631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2991667","display_name":"Multilayer perceptron","level":3,"score":0.5745581984519958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5427475571632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5128755569458008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38858127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441228","display_name":"Feed forward","level":2,"score":0.5022850036621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.4432200789451599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177973122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7860946","display_name":"Types of artificial neural networks","level":4,"score":0.43826955556869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.4159243702888489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3671758770942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2959036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959036","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08931559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b752c5b4a8745fe845cffe0348bc217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b752c5b4a8745fe845cffe0348bc217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 180409-180416 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2959036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2959036","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08931559.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5857243547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61573306","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998088892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2998088892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W116068320","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1622676895","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1921523184","https://openalex.org/W1968706335","https://openalex.org/W2046432169","https://openalex.org/W2103496339","https://openalex.org/W2131342762","https://openalex.org/W2136713885","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2253400648","https://openalex.org/W2401686019","https://openalex.org/W2403195671","https://openalex.org/W2528305538","https://openalex.org/W2546302380","https://openalex.org/W2550848904","https://openalex.org/W2613634265","https://openalex.org/W2739309726","https://openalex.org/W2792268997","https://openalex.org/W2802862615","https://openalex.org/W2890918255","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2951603627","https://openalex.org/W2962990163","https://openalex.org/W2963273475","https://openalex.org/W2981052729","https://openalex.org/W4320930577","https://openalex.org/W6604713538","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6636489938","https://openalex.org/W6637242042","https://openalex.org/W6640185926","https://openalex.org/W6683595889","https://openalex.org/W6691187937","https://openalex.org/W6695533872","https://openalex.org/W6712994927","https://openalex.org/W6713280142","https://openalex.org/W6737658843","https://openalex.org/W6741844306","https://openalex.org/W6746023985","https://openalex.org/W6754847236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014323024","https://openalex.org/W2083677758","https://openalex.org/W2408618716","https://openalex.org/W2950022897","https://openalex.org/W1595652908","https://openalex.org/W2109916967","https://openalex.org/W2345918864","https://openalex.org/W4383737268","https://openalex.org/W2154859999","https://openalex.org/W2950917560"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1,15,25,29,135],"network":[2,30],"regression":[3],"models":[4],"produce":[5],"substantial":[6],"gains":[7],"in":[8,83,110],"big":[9],"data":[10],"prediction":[11],"systems.":[12],"Multilayer":[13],"perceptron":[14,134],"(MPL)":[16],"networks":[17,136],"have":[18],"more":[19,32],"various":[20],"properties":[21],"than":[22],"single-layer":[23],"feedforward":[24],"networks.":[26],"A":[27,70],"deeper":[28],"is":[31,37,48,60,81],"intelligent":[33],"and":[34,129],"sophisticated,":[35],"which":[36],"one":[38,61],"of":[39,62,90],"the":[40,45,49,54,63,78,88,91,126,132],"main":[41],"research":[42],"directions.":[43],"However,":[44],"disappearing":[46,127],"gradient":[47,93,128],"primary":[50],"problem":[51],"that":[52,116],"restricts":[53],"research.":[55],"The":[56],"appropriate":[57],"activation":[58,74,79,102,118],"function":[59,80,103,119],"effective":[64],"methods":[65],"for":[66],"solving":[67],"this":[68,117],"problem.":[69],"bold":[71],"idea":[72],"about":[73],"functions":[75],"emerged:":[76],"if":[77],"different":[82],"two":[84],"adjacent":[85],"training":[86],"epochs,":[87],"probability":[89],"same":[92],"value":[94],"will":[95],"be":[96,107],"small.":[97],"We":[98],"proposed":[99],"a":[100],"novel":[101],"whose":[104],"shape":[105],"can":[106,123,130],"changed":[108],"dynamically":[109],"training.":[111],"Our":[112],"experimental":[113],"results":[114],"show":[115],"with":[120],"\u201cdynamic\u201d":[121],"characteristics":[122],"effectively":[124],"avoid":[125],"make":[131],"multilayer":[133],"deeper.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}