{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2992366504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2957581","title":"Related-Key Differential Cryptanalysis of the Reduced-Round Block Cipher GIFT","display_name":"Related-Key Differential Cryptanalysis of the Reduced-Round Block Cipher GIFT","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2992366504","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2957581","mag":"2992366504"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2957581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2957581","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08924869.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08924869.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101945847","display_name":"Meichun Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-3209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meichun Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4654-3209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100681253","display_name":"Wenying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-6238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28006308","display_name":"Shandong Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wy3h363","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4097-6238","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28006308"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6943,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88574535,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"175769","last_page":"175778"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-cipher","display_name":"Block cipher","score":0.8819678425788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impossible-differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Impossible differential cryptanalysis","score":0.8102604150772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","score":0.7579537630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/boomerang-attack","display_name":"Boomerang attack","score":0.695703387260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-differential-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Higher-order differential cryptanalysis","score":0.6792749166488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-cryptanalysis","display_name":"Linear cryptanalysis","score":0.6151199340820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6067685484886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptanalysis","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","score":0.5114895105361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-square-cipher","display_name":"Two-square cipher","score":0.5103065371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","score":0.4724210500717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.32519400119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3241276144981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2996074855327606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cipher","display_name":"Cipher","score":0.29135462641716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/running-key-cipher","display_name":"Running key cipher","score":0.28222015500068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2453690469264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.1813720464706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08075499534606934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106544461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543151","display_name":"Block cipher","level":3,"score":0.8819678425788879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120488936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3005748","display_name":"Impossible differential cryptanalysis","level":5,"score":0.8102604150772095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36123800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1224471","display_name":"Differential cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.7579537630081177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147552392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2869899","display_name":"Boomerang attack","level":5,"score":0.695703387260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151607707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11673206","display_name":"Higher-order differential cryptanalysis","level":5,"score":0.6792749166488647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82424418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1826463","display_name":"Linear cryptanalysis","level":4,"score":0.6151199340820312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6067685484886169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181149355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897511","display_name":"Cryptanalysis","level":3,"score":0.5114895105361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60153865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124307","display_name":"Two-square cipher","level":5,"score":0.5103065371513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93226319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193137","display_name":"Differential (mechanical device)","level":2,"score":0.4724210500717163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.32519400119781494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3241276144981384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2996074855327606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4681865","display_name":"Cipher","level":3,"score":0.29135462641716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64119674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7380031","display_name":"Running key cipher","level":4,"score":0.28222015500068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2453690469264984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.1813720464706421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08075499534606934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2957581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2957581","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08924869.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:12420df232c949a2930a7249b20318bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/12420df232c949a2930a7249b20318bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 175769-175778 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2957581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2957581","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08924869.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4989086370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61602287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7591431899","display_name":"\u65b0\u578b\u5bc6\u7801\u7b97\u6cd5\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e0e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2992366504.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2992366504.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W197228877","https://openalex.org/W1546907539","https://openalex.org/W1580459019","https://openalex.org/W1629301835","https://openalex.org/W1883151075","https://openalex.org/W1894646615","https://openalex.org/W1991897749","https://openalex.org/W2613741682","https://openalex.org/W2741840250","https://openalex.org/W2765474737","https://openalex.org/W2769174685","https://openalex.org/W2795031214","https://openalex.org/W2809979092","https://openalex.org/W2884051710","https://openalex.org/W2889248398","https://openalex.org/W2895222581","https://openalex.org/W2942017031","https://openalex.org/W2942387991","https://openalex.org/W2945468663","https://openalex.org/W2946624032","https://openalex.org/W2946701076","https://openalex.org/W2949078646","https://openalex.org/W2953777703","https://openalex.org/W3203526008","https://openalex.org/W6608031662","https://openalex.org/W6634558955","https://openalex.org/W6639475506","https://openalex.org/W6639565960","https://openalex.org/W6729570292","https://openalex.org/W6737916502","https://openalex.org/W6746090754","https://openalex.org/W6749899468","https://openalex.org/W6752339777","https://openalex.org/W6753058433","https://openalex.org/W6761283857","https://openalex.org/W6762596751","https://openalex.org/W6764682311","https://openalex.org/W6802421668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2557174342","https://openalex.org/W2791274315","https://openalex.org/W2950215720","https://openalex.org/W4230315357","https://openalex.org/W2083383916","https://openalex.org/W3123145532","https://openalex.org/W57168481","https://openalex.org/W1598870173","https://openalex.org/W2653150070","https://openalex.org/W1565579953"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"GIFT":[0],"is":[1,17],"a":[2,21,29,55],"lightweight":[3],"block":[4,70],"cipher":[5],"that":[6,144],"was":[7],"proposed":[8],"by":[9,161],"Banik":[10],"et":[11,52],"al.":[12,53],"at":[13],"CHES":[14],"2017,":[15],"which":[16,142],"said":[18],"to":[19,63,86],"be":[20],"direct":[22],"improvement":[23],"over":[24,164],"PRESENT":[25],"since":[26],"\u201cthat":[27],"provides":[28],"much":[30],"increased":[31],"efficiency":[32],"in":[33,49],"all":[34],"domains":[35],"(smaller":[36],"and":[37,39,92,100,102,123,135],"faster)\u201d":[38],"improves":[40],"the":[41,45,66,77,121,145,153,165],"security":[42],"weaknesses":[43],"of":[44,69,97,107,130],"latter.":[46],"At":[47],"Asiacrypt":[48],"2014,":[50],"Sun":[51],"introduced":[54],"bit-oriented":[56],"mixed":[57],"integer":[58],"linear":[59],"programming":[60],"(MILP)":[61],"method":[62,80],"search":[64],"for":[65],"differential":[67,78,95,105,159,167],"characteristics":[68,96,106],"ciphers.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,83],"paper,":[74],"we":[75,115,151],"use":[76],"cryptanalysis":[79,160],"based":[81],"on":[82,120],"automated":[84],"tool":[85],"analyse":[87],"GIFT.":[88],"We":[89],"propose":[90],"12-round":[91],"13-round":[93],"related-key":[94,104],"GIFT-":[98,108],"64":[99],"7-round":[101],"10-round":[103],"128.":[109],"By":[110],"using":[111,158],"them":[112],"as":[113],"distinguishers,":[114],"apply":[116],"key":[117,155],"recovery":[118,156],"attacks":[119],"19-round":[122],"20-round":[124],"reduced":[125],"GIFT-64":[126,154],"with":[127],"data":[128,146],"complexities":[129,147],"2":[131,136],"<sup":[132,137],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[133,138],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">47</sup>":[134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">56</sup>":[139],"plaintexts,":[140],"respectively,":[141],"mean":[143],"are":[148],"lower.":[149],"Furthermore,":[150],"improve":[152],"attack":[157],"one":[162],"round":[163],"previous":[166],"cryptanalysis.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
