{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2994490947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956628","title":"Modifiable Public Blockchains Using Truncated Hashing and Sidechains","display_name":"Modifiable Public Blockchains Using Truncated Hashing and Sidechains","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2994490947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956628","mag":"2994490947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2956628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956628","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08917564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08917564.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023794901","display_name":"Nam Yong Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-0145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104338594","display_name":"Inje University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xqwq985","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nam-Yong Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114860745","display_name":"Jinhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-0263"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104338594","display_name":"Inje University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xqwq985","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Healthcare and Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Healthcare and Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006834120","display_name":"Md. Mehedi Hassan Onik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-3058"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104338594","display_name":"Inje University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xqwq985","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Mehedi Hassan Onik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3800-3058","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114859069","display_name":"Chul\u2010Soo Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104338594","display_name":"Inje University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xqwq985","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chul-Soo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","Department of Healthcare and Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Healthcare and Information Technology, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023794901"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.8089,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97775515,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"173571","last_page":"173582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.95660001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6404337882995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.6091799736022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.30098170042037964}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6404337882995605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.6091799736022949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.30098170042037964}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2956628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956628","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08917564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:16d802710983491286fb74623ff64084","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/16d802710983491286fb74623ff64084","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 173571-173582 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/26967799","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2956628","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956628","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08917564.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994490947.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2994490947.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1597159947","https://openalex.org/W1606676795","https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2603180894","https://openalex.org/W2736904962","https://openalex.org/W2772577369","https://openalex.org/W2773032657","https://openalex.org/W2790401422","https://openalex.org/W2792850657","https://openalex.org/W2794869300","https://openalex.org/W2803736556","https://openalex.org/W2883647493","https://openalex.org/W2901598045","https://openalex.org/W2904119980","https://openalex.org/W2910702660","https://openalex.org/W2910723953","https://openalex.org/W2916008479","https://openalex.org/W2917431061","https://openalex.org/W2920733725","https://openalex.org/W2928656906","https://openalex.org/W2936206606","https://openalex.org/W2937156094","https://openalex.org/W2940095387","https://openalex.org/W2941928538","https://openalex.org/W2948007978","https://openalex.org/W2952553724","https://openalex.org/W2969400704","https://openalex.org/W2971659129","https://openalex.org/W3098957467","https://openalex.org/W3102661748","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W6635812717","https://openalex.org/W6744980300","https://openalex.org/W6748075632","https://openalex.org/W6749191029","https://openalex.org/W6757014771","https://openalex.org/W6759311309","https://openalex.org/W6761090449","https://openalex.org/W6762314318","https://openalex.org/W6986978455","https://openalex.org/W6992953098"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,140],"immutability":[1],"of":[2,21,53,82,100,110,131,151,185,227],"the":[3,40,51,79,83,85,101,116,149,152,166,173,177,186,213],"blockchain":[4,41,56,229],"technology":[5],"facilitates":[6],"it":[7,44],"to":[8,122,135,147,164,176,182,193,196,201,221],"establish":[9],"a":[10,14,18,64,161,224],"general":[11],"consensus":[12],"in":[13,47,55,70,77,97,168],"trustless":[15],"environment,":[16],"enabling":[17],"wide":[19,225],"range":[20,226],"new":[22,228],"applications,":[23],"including":[24],"distributed":[25],"general-purpose":[26],"data":[27,31,54,187],"management":[28],"and":[29,160,199],"digital":[30],"sharing":[32],"marketplace.":[33],"This":[34],"immutability,":[35],"however,":[36],"presents":[37],"disadvantages":[38],"for":[39,66,157],"technology,":[42],"when":[43],"is":[45,57,218],"used":[46],"other":[48],"areas":[49],"where":[50],"modification":[52,150,174,217],"demanded.":[58],"In":[59,206],"this":[60,98],"study,":[61],"we":[62],"propose":[63],"method":[65,87,118,142],"building":[67],"modifiable":[68,105],"blockchains":[69],"decentralized":[71],"public":[72],"network.":[73],"To":[74],"be":[75,202],"specific,":[76],"computing":[78],"hash":[80,90,129],"value":[81],"block,":[84],"proposed":[86,117,141,179,214],"uses":[88,143],"truncated":[89,128,215],"values":[91,130],"(these":[92],"are":[93,104],"called":[94],"\u2018target":[95],"values\u2019":[96],"paper)":[99],"transactions":[102,111,125],"that":[103,212],"upon":[106],"future":[107],"requests,":[108],"instead":[109],"themselves.":[112],"By":[113,171],"doing":[114],"so,":[115],"provides":[119],"an":[120],"opportunity":[121],"modify":[123],"those":[124],"by":[126],"making":[127],"modified":[132],"versions":[133],"equal":[134],"their":[136],"original":[137],"target":[138],"values.":[139],"several":[144],"cryptographic":[145],"techniques":[146],"prevent":[148],"transaction":[153,169],"from":[154],"being":[155],"performed":[156],"malicious":[158],"purposes,":[159],"multichain":[162],"structure":[163],"improve":[165],"efficiency":[167],"modification.":[170],"accommodating":[172],"feature":[175],"blockchain,":[178],"architecture":[180],"complies":[181],"key":[183],"demands":[184],"protection":[188],"regulations":[189],"such":[190],"as":[191],"\u2018right":[192,195,200],"rectification\u2019,":[194],"withdraw":[197],"consent\u2019,":[198],"forgotten\u2019,":[203],"et":[204],"cetera.":[205],"addition,":[207],"detailed":[208],"threat":[209],"analysis":[210],"demonstrates":[211],"hash-based":[216],"sufficiently":[219],"secure":[220],"open":[222],"up":[223],"based":[230],"services":[231],"through":[232],"added":[233],"modifiability":[234],"feature.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
