{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2990755537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956170","title":"Soil pH Value Forecasting Using UWB Echoes Based on Ensemble Methods","display_name":"Soil pH Value Forecasting Using UWB Echoes Based on Ensemble Methods","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2990755537","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956170","mag":"2990755537"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2956170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956170","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08915861.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08915861.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101566595","display_name":"Chenghao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6242-7606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chenghao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676078","display_name":"Jing Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0860-6563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101566595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6595,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72132555,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"173249","last_page":"173256"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11312","display_name":"Soil Moisture and Remote Sensing","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaboost","display_name":"AdaBoost","score":0.8363072872161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7016855478286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal-component-analysis","display_name":"Principal component analysis","score":0.692001461982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5466110110282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5328747630119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5003893375396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.49486082792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.487719863653183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimension","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","score":0.47905099391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.25625085830688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24257725477218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.23082813620567322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141404830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2823869","display_name":"AdaBoost","level":3,"score":0.8363072872161865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7016855478286743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27438332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2873","display_name":"Principal component analysis","level":2,"score":0.692001461982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5466110110282898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5328747630119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5003893375396729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.49486082792282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.487719863653183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.47905099391937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.25625085830688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24257725477218628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.23082813620567322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2956170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956170","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08915861.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0b906f15c2374856a0ff0912c9448d1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0b906f15c2374856a0ff0912c9448d1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 173249-173256 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2956170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956170","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08915861.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life in Land","score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1474490597","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"111 Project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G260047364","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61671138","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G279837866","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"17008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G391238517","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":", and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7852893480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61731006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8622808977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8978917354","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B17008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990755537.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2990755537.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571836963","https://openalex.org/W1581797854","https://openalex.org/W1678356000","https://openalex.org/W1887515749","https://openalex.org/W1986403571","https://openalex.org/W2076063813","https://openalex.org/W2100401723","https://openalex.org/W2101234009","https://openalex.org/W2107208924","https://openalex.org/W2109094355","https://openalex.org/W2112276742","https://openalex.org/W2125027820","https://openalex.org/W2144535965","https://openalex.org/W2186800697","https://openalex.org/W2293808932","https://openalex.org/W2803866225","https://openalex.org/W2807316941","https://openalex.org/W2904749099","https://openalex.org/W4212883601","https://openalex.org/W4248437541","https://openalex.org/W6634328444","https://openalex.org/W6675354045","https://openalex.org/W6752196887"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382315444","https://openalex.org/W4233259193","https://openalex.org/W2600353413","https://openalex.org/W4390916549","https://openalex.org/W2915435096","https://openalex.org/W4381298925","https://openalex.org/W4285213578","https://openalex.org/W2097856925","https://openalex.org/W1997565450","https://openalex.org/W4298012357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposed":[2],"a":[3,29],"new":[4],"method":[5,27],"to":[6,21,75,83,96,110,145,147],"predict":[7,111],"soil":[8,48],"pH":[9,52,113],"values":[10,53,114],"based":[11],"on":[12],"ensemble":[13,26,62],"methods":[14,63],"via":[15],"ultra-wideband":[16],"(UWB)":[17],"radar":[18],"echoes,":[19],"due":[20],"the":[22,25,36,77,80,85,93,100,112,122,140],"fact":[23],"that":[24],"has":[28],"fast":[30],"running":[31],"speed,":[32],"fewer":[33],"parameters,":[34],"and":[35,56,68,150,157,166],"amount":[37,87],"of":[38,46,61,79,88,125,161],"data":[39,82],"required":[40],"is":[41,143],"not":[42],"large.":[43],"16":[44],"categories":[45],"UWB":[47],"echoes":[49],"with":[50,115,130],"different":[51,116,131],"are":[54],"collected":[55],"investigated":[57],"by":[58],"4":[59,146],"types":[60],"including":[64],"bagging,":[65],"randomforest,":[66],"adaboost":[67,156],"gradientboost.":[69],"We":[70],"use":[71],"principal":[72],"component":[73],"analysis(PCA)":[74],"reduce":[76,84],"dimensions":[78],"raw":[81,101],"overall":[86],"computation.":[89],"First,":[90],"we":[91,104,120],"applied":[92,105],"PCA":[94],"algorithm":[95],"extract":[97],"features":[98],"from":[99],"signals.":[102],"Second,":[103],"these":[106,126],"four":[107,127],"prediction":[108,123,128],"models":[109,129],"feature":[117,141],"dimensions.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"compare":[121],"performance":[124,154],"SNRs.":[132],"The":[133],"simulation":[134],"experiment":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that,":[138],"when":[139],"dimension":[142],"reduced":[144],"10,":[148],"randomforest":[149],"bagging":[151],"provide":[152],"better":[153],"than":[155],"gradientboost":[158],"in":[159],"terms":[160],"R":[162],"<sup":[163],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[164],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[165],"MSE.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}