{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2991558219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2955809","title":"Multi-Target Tracking Based on High-Order Appearance Feature Fusion","display_name":"Multi-Target Tracking Based on High-Order Appearance Feature Fusion","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2991558219","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2955809","mag":"2991558219"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2955809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2955809","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08911450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08911450.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101886880","display_name":"Guang Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Wideband Wireless Communication Technique, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5502-7505","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Wideband Wireless Communication Technique, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-3583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Wideband Wireless Communication Technique, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9441-3583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Wideband Wireless Communication Technique, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041345011","display_name":"Ning Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-3756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering Research Center of Wideband Wireless Communication Technique, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6907-3756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Wideband Wireless Communication Technique, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.4963,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.69725591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"173393","last_page":"173406"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7641499042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7556489706039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6819285154342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-association","display_name":"Data association","score":0.5774827599525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5583778023719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48171669244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4603213667869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.44773808121681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.44638726115226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.4448186457157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1814185380935669}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7641499042510986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7556489706039429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6819285154342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983325608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084606","display_name":"Data association","level":3,"score":0.5774827599525452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5583778023719788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48171669244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4603213667869568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.44773808121681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.44638726115226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.4448186457157135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1814185380935669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2955809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2955809","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08911450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8c9ae8f9840145269fb689bb969f4ed0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8c9ae8f9840145269fb689bb969f4ed0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 173393-173406 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2955809","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2955809","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08911450.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3565108176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61302156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5921356299","display_name":"\u652f\u6301\u591a\u7c7b\u578b\u6df1\u5ea6\u7f51\u7edc\u77e5\u8bc6\u8fc1\u79fb\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u8ddf\u8e2a\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G957184674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY218044","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G982714310","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NY218066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","funder_display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321605","display_name":"Government of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/004svx814"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323268","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324852","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991558219.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2991558219.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1521019969","https://openalex.org/W1531192956","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1948205001","https://openalex.org/W2016135469","https://openalex.org/W2055022211","https://openalex.org/W2070019681","https://openalex.org/W2083049794","https://openalex.org/W2087003958","https://openalex.org/W2097073572","https://openalex.org/W2099370358","https://openalex.org/W2109222610","https://openalex.org/W2121091546","https://openalex.org/W2122469558","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2124541566","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2127923214","https://openalex.org/W2130258433","https://openalex.org/W2148442626","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2155419301","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2163937424","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2291627510","https://openalex.org/W2342792048","https://openalex.org/W2468912036","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2474389331","https://openalex.org/W2477869242","https://openalex.org/W2547098537","https://openalex.org/W2549139847","https://openalex.org/W2553594924","https://openalex.org/W2603203130","https://openalex.org/W2604583387","https://openalex.org/W2604679602","https://openalex.org/W2739374836","https://openalex.org/W2749203358","https://openalex.org/W2765741142","https://openalex.org/W2766984662","https://openalex.org/W2798875622","https://openalex.org/W2799197246","https://openalex.org/W2801584704","https://openalex.org/W2809729137","https://openalex.org/W2897861496","https://openalex.org/W2904185608","https://openalex.org/W2904855324","https://openalex.org/W2910057067","https://openalex.org/W2913523297","https://openalex.org/W2934814541","https://openalex.org/W2955697202","https://openalex.org/W2962803115","https://openalex.org/W2962855257","https://openalex.org/W2963063317","https://openalex.org/W2963091558","https://openalex.org/W2963382789","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963481014","https://openalex.org/W2963804082","https://openalex.org/W2964015640","https://openalex.org/W2964019074","https://openalex.org/W3106250896","https://openalex.org/W4295331127","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638803421","https://openalex.org/W6678185843","https://openalex.org/W6678298392","https://openalex.org/W6678664622","https://openalex.org/W6696672603","https://openalex.org/W6703780166","https://openalex.org/W6720898849","https://openalex.org/W6729814214","https://openalex.org/W6758206709","https://openalex.org/W6761490050","https://openalex.org/W6785652829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2523883203","https://openalex.org/W1885346831","https://openalex.org/W2165640264","https://openalex.org/W2384762704","https://openalex.org/W2121243059","https://openalex.org/W2151694338","https://openalex.org/W2368009697","https://openalex.org/W1982289787","https://openalex.org/W1437594004","https://openalex.org/W2062298386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-target":[0,114],"tracking":[1,115],"(MTT)":[2],"is":[3,22,61,83,112],"among":[4],"the":[5,9,17,25,40,64,72,76,80,87,91,106,147],"fundamental":[6],"problems":[7],"in":[8,46],"field":[10],"of":[11,24,43,90,129],"video":[12],"analysis":[13],"and":[14,28,53,75,105,135],"monitoring.":[15],"In":[16,31],"tracking-by-detection":[18],"framework,":[19],"data":[20,103],"association":[21,104,133],"one":[23],"most":[26],"important":[27],"difficult":[29],"problems.":[30],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"propose":[35],"a":[36,44,126,151],"framework":[37],"to":[38,85],"obtain":[39],"appearance":[41],"features":[42,89],"target":[45,70],"an":[47],"end-to-end":[48],"fashion,":[49],"which":[50,123],"fuses":[51],"high-level":[52],"low-level":[54],"semantic":[55],"information.":[56],"The":[57,93,143],"high-order":[58,65,88],"feature":[59],"map":[60],"abstracted":[62],"using":[63,101],"apparent":[66],"relationship":[67],"for":[68,154],"each":[69],"between":[71,97],"current":[73],"frame":[74],"previous":[77],"frames,":[78],"whereas":[79],"similarity":[81],"matrix":[82],"used":[84],"describe":[86],"target.":[92],"best":[94],"matching":[95],"relationships":[96],"targets":[98],"are":[99],"obtained":[100],"hierarchical":[102],"Hungarian":[107],"algorithm.":[108],"This":[109],"proposed":[110,148],"method":[111],"called":[113],"Based":[116],"on":[117],"High-order":[118],"Appearance":[119],"Feature":[120],"Fusion":[121],"(MTT-HAFF),":[122],"can":[124],"handle":[125],"large":[127],"number":[128],"input":[130],"sequences,":[131],"local":[132],"failures,":[134],"identity":[136],"exchanges":[137],"that":[138,146],"result":[139],"from":[140],"unreliable":[141],"detections.":[142],"results":[144],"show":[145],"algorithm":[149],"has":[150],"good":[152],"robustness":[153],"long-term":[155],"occlusion":[156],"tracking.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
