{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2984951157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953747","title":"Tracking Multi-Vehicles With Reference Points Switches at the Intersection Using a Roadside LiDAR Sensor","display_name":"Tracking Multi-Vehicles With Reference Points Switches at the Intersection Using a Roadside LiDAR Sensor","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2984951157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953747","mag":"2984951157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08902079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08902079.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080470808","display_name":"Yongsheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-9562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0841-9562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021732598","display_name":"Xun Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-6665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xun Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9799-6665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078176055","display_name":"Hao Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-4540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134113660","display_name":"University of Nevada, Reno","ror":"https://ror.org/01keh0577","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1314-4540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Nevada at Reno, Reno, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134113660"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101764564","display_name":"Enjian Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-3716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enjian Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-3716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Traffic and Transportation, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6378,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73243518,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"174072","last_page":"174082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12095","display_name":"Vehicle emissions and performance","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lidar","display_name":"Lidar","score":0.8687533140182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.7368096709251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6878073215484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6658265590667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5454412698745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.495204359292984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point-cloud","display_name":"Point cloud","score":0.48733243346214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.4724239110946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.4616900682449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4171316623687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39491379261016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.34675103425979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.18053799867630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1644529104232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15579935908317566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.8687533140182495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.7368096709251404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6878073215484619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6658265590667725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5454412698745728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.495204359292984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131979681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899648","display_name":"Point cloud","level":2,"score":0.48733243346214294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4724239110946655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.4616900682449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4171316623687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39491379261016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.34675103425979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18053799867630005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1644529104232788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15579935908317566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08902079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9c2aa0ceb3a44e7a9688925385a815ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9c2aa0ceb3a44e7a9688925385a815ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 174072-174082 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953747","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08902079.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2844373103","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018JBM021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7969015204","display_name":"\u9ad8\u901f\u516c\u8def\u670d\u52a1\u533a\u5145\u7535\u8bbe\u65bd\u914d\u7f6e\u4f18\u5316\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"71801012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2984951157.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2984951157.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W236294131","https://openalex.org/W1952910563","https://openalex.org/W1964354889","https://openalex.org/W1976306417","https://openalex.org/W1980097476","https://openalex.org/W1986237681","https://openalex.org/W1994114209","https://openalex.org/W2033178020","https://openalex.org/W2088173505","https://openalex.org/W2099152022","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2115732804","https://openalex.org/W2165065922","https://openalex.org/W2586544123","https://openalex.org/W2792402634","https://openalex.org/W2794631752","https://openalex.org/W2800152030","https://openalex.org/W2805899829","https://openalex.org/W2889592805","https://openalex.org/W2909746114","https://openalex.org/W2944605267","https://openalex.org/W2945926083","https://openalex.org/W2947240406","https://openalex.org/W2954323041","https://openalex.org/W2965620582","https://openalex.org/W2979371459","https://openalex.org/W6640766037","https://openalex.org/W6750670078","https://openalex.org/W6762646151","https://openalex.org/W6768920252"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2594043982","https://openalex.org/W3036493597","https://openalex.org/W4293094720","https://openalex.org/W2739701376"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obtaining":[0],"real-time":[1],"trajectories":[2],"with":[3,14,34,42,113],"high":[4,7],"accuracy":[5],"and":[6,11,19,68,136,158,210,230,241],"resolution":[8],"of":[9,59,82,120,207,216,226],"connected":[10,25],"unconnected":[12],"vehicles":[13,33,112],"roadside":[15,36,146],"LiDAR":[16,37,147,195,202],"(Light":[17],"Detecting":[18],"Ranging)":[20],"sensors":[21],"can":[22,62],"highly":[23],"benefit":[24],"vehicle":[26,61,227],"(CV)":[27],"systems.":[28],"In":[29,149],"order":[30],"to":[31,46,94,235],"track":[32],"a":[35,83,129,145,175,199],"sensor,":[38],"the":[39,43,47,53,60,80,85,98,111,118,141,189,205,214],"vehicle-corner":[40],"point":[41,55,75,87,93,122,134,152,243],"shortest":[44],"distance":[45],"sensor":[48,203],"is":[49,168],"usually":[50],"used":[51],"as":[52],"reference":[54,74,86,121,133,151,183,228],"since":[56],"only":[57],"parts":[58],"be":[63],"scanned,":[64],"but":[65],"trajectory":[66,159,237],"interruptions":[67],"speed":[69,239],"errors":[70],"caused":[71],"by":[72,194,198],"neglecting":[73],"switch":[76,89,103,123,135,153],"were":[77],"observed.":[78],"With":[79],"movement":[81],"vehicle,":[84],"may":[88,102],"from":[90],"one":[91],"corner":[92,242],"another,":[95],"especially":[96],"at":[97,140,204],"intersection":[99,142,206],"where":[100],"it":[101],"more":[104],"than":[105],"once":[106],"when":[107],"turning":[108],"left/right.":[109],"Moreover,":[110],"various":[114],"lengths":[115],"will":[116],"increase":[117],"impacts":[119],"on":[124,144,164],"tracking.":[125],"This":[126],"paper":[127],"proposes":[128],"tracking":[130],"method":[131,167,180,191],"considering":[132],"occlusions":[137,162],"for":[138,161,181],"multi-vehicles":[139],"based":[143,163],"sensor.":[148],"particular,":[150],"patterns":[154],"are":[155,172],"deeply":[156],"explored":[157],"prediction":[160],"Kalman":[165],"filtering":[166],"developed.":[169],"Then":[170],"they":[171],"integrated":[173],"into":[174],"global":[176],"nearest":[177],"neighbor":[178],"(GNN)":[179],"pairing":[182],"points":[184,229],"between":[185],"frames.":[186],"At":[187],"last,":[188],"proposed":[190],"was":[192],"validated":[193],"data":[196],"collected":[197],"32-channel":[200],"360-degree":[201],"McCarran":[208],"Blvd":[209],"Evans":[211],"Ave":[212],"in":[213],"city":[215],"Reno,":[217],"Nevada,":[218],"U.S.":[219],"The":[220],"new":[221],"approach":[222],"correctly":[223],"captured":[224],"switches":[225],"solved":[231],"short-term":[232],"occlusion":[233],"issues":[234],"avoid":[236],"interruptions,":[238],"errors,":[240],"misrecognitions.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
