{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986839830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953479","title":"On Droop Control of Energy-Constrained Battery Energy Storage Systems for Grid Frequency Regulation","display_name":"On Droop Control of Energy-Constrained Battery Energy Storage Systems for Grid Frequency Regulation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986839830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953479","mag":"2986839830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08901200.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08901200.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004621032","display_name":"Jae Woong Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5257-934X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I104338594","display_name":"Inje University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xqwq985","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jae Woong Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy Engineering, Inje University, Gimhae, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078712644","display_name":"Gregor Verbi\u010d","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregor Verbic","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100734358","display_name":"Heejin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-3571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heejin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056817921","display_name":"Kyeon Hur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3726-7545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeon Hur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004621032"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I104338594"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.3871,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97130887,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"166353","last_page":"166364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-droop","display_name":"Voltage droop","score":0.946573793888092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-regulation","display_name":"Frequency regulation","score":0.7314504384994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-frequency-control","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","score":0.7210407257080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6997177004814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.6400028467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.6202741861343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5630727410316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.5382034778594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.5279808640480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-deviation","display_name":"Frequency deviation","score":0.4456855058670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-grid","display_name":"Frequency grid","score":0.4386466443538666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3985600471496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3922136127948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.391653835773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3684465289115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.33050304651260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23139995336532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.2279263436794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1730380356311798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14333367347717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-regulator","display_name":"Voltage regulator","score":0.1069549024105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07440012693405151}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40760162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10920295","display_name":"Voltage droop","level":4,"score":0.946573793888092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983304839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1747997","display_name":"Frequency regulation","level":4,"score":0.7314504384994507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25915539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220786","display_name":"Automatic frequency control","level":2,"score":0.7210407257080078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6997177004814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.6400028467178345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.6202741861343384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5630727410316467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.5382034778594971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.5279808640480042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123919525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q761942","display_name":"Frequency deviation","level":3,"score":0.4456855058670044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21905445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502873","display_name":"Frequency grid","level":3,"score":0.4386466443538666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3985600471496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3922136127948761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.391653835773468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3684465289115906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33050304651260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23139995336532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.2279263436794281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1730380356311798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14333367347717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110706871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851210","display_name":"Voltage regulator","level":3,"score":0.1069549024105072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07440012693405151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08901200.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:0dfbb05783b94d35850814fc178edd1e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/0dfbb05783b94d35850814fc178edd1e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 166353-166364 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953479","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08901200.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3036958484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R17XA05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326258","funder_display_name":"Korea Electric Power Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6682072024","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20194030202420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7121727950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KETEP)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8768174917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R17XA05-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326258","funder_display_name":"Korea Electric Power Corporation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8878161149","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20194030202420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G992484961","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Korea","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326258","display_name":"Korea Electric Power Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/04fperw70"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335199","display_name":"Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/02zq38y32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986839830.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986839830.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519174812","https://openalex.org/W1522039471","https://openalex.org/W1549805940","https://openalex.org/W1763243278","https://openalex.org/W1978242968","https://openalex.org/W1985243428","https://openalex.org/W1986158941","https://openalex.org/W1998231343","https://openalex.org/W1999912594","https://openalex.org/W2004434547","https://openalex.org/W2019878443","https://openalex.org/W2019925010","https://openalex.org/W2094270660","https://openalex.org/W2107248030","https://openalex.org/W2127050485","https://openalex.org/W2146531934","https://openalex.org/W2154770714","https://openalex.org/W2159341281","https://openalex.org/W2162116090","https://openalex.org/W2311715896","https://openalex.org/W2334134865","https://openalex.org/W2522269992","https://openalex.org/W2547182515","https://openalex.org/W2587686993","https://openalex.org/W2749134373","https://openalex.org/W2786051493","https://openalex.org/W2793902631","https://openalex.org/W2803906428","https://openalex.org/W2943568704","https://openalex.org/W3123999961","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6650058005","https://openalex.org/W6727246501","https://openalex.org/W6728928579"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226403040","https://openalex.org/W4296474556","https://openalex.org/W4205158272","https://openalex.org/W3123775626","https://openalex.org/W4226336603","https://openalex.org/W4281709763","https://openalex.org/W4283025937","https://openalex.org/W3003306662","https://openalex.org/W2803906428","https://openalex.org/W4379381928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,53],"proposes":[2],"the":[3,32,35,39,43,57,64,69,73,77,100,107,137,142],"droop":[4],"control":[5,67,81],"algorithm":[6],"for":[7,49,83,126],"multiple":[8,61],"distributed":[9],"Battery":[10],"Energy":[11],"Storage":[12],"Systems":[13],"(ESS)":[14],"with":[15,131],"their":[16],"state":[17],"of":[18,34,76,86,134,141],"charge":[19],"(SOC)":[20],"feedback,":[21],"shown":[22],"to":[23],"be":[24],"effective":[25],"in":[26,88],"providing":[27],"grid":[28,89],"services":[29],"while":[30],"managing":[31],"SOC":[33,45],"ESS.":[36],"By":[37],"extending":[38],"mathematical":[40],"links":[41],"between":[42],"ESS":[44,62,70,87],"and":[46,68,93,103,106,109,115,123,139],"power":[47],"dynamics":[48],"frequency":[50,66,102],"regulation,":[51],"this":[52],"elaborates":[54],"on":[55],"how":[56],"proposed":[58,143],"scheme":[59],"integrates":[60],"into":[63],"load":[65],"effectively":[71],"augments":[72],"functional":[74],"roles":[75],"incumbent":[78],"generators.":[79],"The":[80],"performance":[82],"a":[84,127],"group":[85],"operations":[90],"is":[91],"evaluated":[92],"characterized":[94],"by":[95],"using":[96],"metrics":[97],"such":[98],"as":[99],"cut-off":[101],"settling":[104],"time,":[105],"initial":[108],"final":[110],"value":[111],"theorems.":[112],"Theoretical":[113],"insights":[114],"practical":[116],"issues":[117],"are":[118],"discussed.":[119],"Various":[120],"numerical":[121],"examples":[122],"case":[124],"studies":[125],"simplified":[128],"Australian":[129],"network":[130],"high":[132],"penetration":[133],"renewables":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"validity":[138],"efficacy":[140],"method.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}