{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2966683173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953276","title":"Online Multi-Object Tracking With GMPHD Filter and Occlusion Group Management","display_name":"Online Multi-Object Tracking With GMPHD Filter and Occlusion Group Management","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2966683173","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953276","mag":"2966683173"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953276","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08897600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08897600.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003253618","display_name":"Young-Min Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-3180"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Min Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5417-3180","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101767310","display_name":"Kwangjin Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-631X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwangjin Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7843-631X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101930515","display_name":"Young-Chul Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-862X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131320","display_name":"LG (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/03ddh2c27","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131320"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Young-Chul Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["LG Electronics, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5586-862X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LG Electronics, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131320"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068924885","display_name":"Kin\u2010Choong Yow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-661X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194028371","display_name":"University of Regina","ror":"https://ror.org/03dzc0485","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kin Choong Yow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8610-661X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina, Regina, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I194028371"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056743652","display_name":"Moongu Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39534123","display_name":"Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024kbgz78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moongu Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2775-7789","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39534123"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.7791,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92731736,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"165103","last_page":"165121"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10586","display_name":"Robotic Path Planning Algorithms","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6953337788581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5548268556594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.5318322777748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5160369873046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.438035249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","score":0.42507797479629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.39470985531806946}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6953337788581848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5548268556594849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.5318322777748108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5160369873046875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.438035249710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.42507797479629517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.39470985531806946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953276","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08897600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1907.13347","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1907.13347","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1907.13347","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:996004ec567b4991993c58e2e09cc00e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/996004ec567b4991993c58e2e09cc00e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 165103-165121 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2953276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2953276","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08897600.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5259278914","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-0-00077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6474525105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A2C2087489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7528090009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-0-00077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7725205014","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A2C2087489","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8950283710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2014-0-00077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","funder_display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324891","display_name":"Iran Telecommunication Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01a3g2z22"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966683173.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2966683173.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":80,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1521019969","https://openalex.org/W1531192956","https://openalex.org/W1980781362","https://openalex.org/W1988963225","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2016135469","https://openalex.org/W2020209171","https://openalex.org/W2022515186","https://openalex.org/W2037227137","https://openalex.org/W2049244691","https://openalex.org/W2053381424","https://openalex.org/W2055022211","https://openalex.org/W2083049794","https://openalex.org/W2087003958","https://openalex.org/W2103124057","https://openalex.org/W2104678017","https://openalex.org/W2105934661","https://openalex.org/W2106873007","https://openalex.org/W2110644024","https://openalex.org/W2114822183","https://openalex.org/W2115739848","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2122088301","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2125491588","https://openalex.org/W2125556102","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2139688603","https://openalex.org/W2150066425","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2209193152","https://openalex.org/W2225887246","https://openalex.org/W2237765446","https://openalex.org/W2291627510","https://openalex.org/W2293909728","https://openalex.org/W2382036597","https://openalex.org/W2468912036","https://openalex.org/W2474389331","https://openalex.org/W2477869242","https://openalex.org/W2547098537","https://openalex.org/W2573106815","https://openalex.org/W2604679602","https://openalex.org/W2739374836","https://openalex.org/W2755505820","https://openalex.org/W2765741142","https://openalex.org/W2766984662","https://openalex.org/W2794143688","https://openalex.org/W2798875622","https://openalex.org/W2887964057","https://openalex.org/W2889935068","https://openalex.org/W2892987226","https://openalex.org/W2895071559","https://openalex.org/W2895150009","https://openalex.org/W2897582990","https://openalex.org/W2900208617","https://openalex.org/W2900871370","https://openalex.org/W2901925479","https://openalex.org/W2911536134","https://openalex.org/W2913213964","https://openalex.org/W2918745114","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963382789","https://openalex.org/W2963835147","https://openalex.org/W2964015640","https://openalex.org/W2964304299","https://openalex.org/W2968968215","https://openalex.org/W2970308037","https://openalex.org/W3099887740","https://openalex.org/W3105706944","https://openalex.org/W4295331127","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6664269672","https://openalex.org/W6675414472","https://openalex.org/W6676894730","https://openalex.org/W6696672603","https://openalex.org/W6754686161","https://openalex.org/W6755436981"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4389065903","https://openalex.org/W2158788032","https://openalex.org/W2385949326","https://openalex.org/W2623195638","https://openalex.org/W1966005655","https://openalex.org/W3135795035","https://openalex.org/W2789220062","https://openalex.org/W2811496562","https://openalex.org/W2094665863","https://openalex.org/W2071984725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67,112,265],"this":[1,113],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,115],"propose":[4],"an":[5,160,164],"efficient":[6],"online":[7,277],"multi-object":[8,272],"tracking":[9,215,229,273],"method":[10,216,268],"based":[11],"on":[12],"the":[13,34,39,60,69,88,102,117,128,142,154,172,176,213,228,249,262,270,276],"Gaussian":[14],"mixture":[15],"probability":[16],"hypothesis":[17,166],"density":[18],"(GMPHD)":[19],"filter":[20,36],"and":[21,55,63,163,184,205,221,256,278],"occlusion":[22,75,100,118,254],"group":[23,137,152],"management":[24,72],"scheme":[25,73],"where":[26],"a":[27],"hierarchical":[28,47],"data":[29,48],"association":[30,49],"is":[31,106,157,233],"utilized":[32],"for":[33,190,239],"GMPHD":[35],"to":[37,261],"reduce":[38],"false":[40,89,94,103,148,243],"negatives":[41],"caused":[42,92],"by":[43,93,170],"missed":[44],"detection.":[45],"The":[46,81,99,133],"consisting":[50],"of":[51,101,127,153,242],"two":[52,78],"modules,":[53],"detection-to-track":[54],"track-to-track":[56],"associations,":[57],"can":[58,86],"recover":[59],"lost":[61],"tracks":[62,91,105,146],"their":[64],"switched":[65],"IDs.":[66],"addition,":[68],"proposed":[70,177,214,250],"grouping":[71],"handles":[74,253],"problems":[76],"with":[77,109,159,231,237],"main":[79],"parts.":[80],"first":[82],"part,":[83,135],"\u201ctrack":[84,149,203],"merging\u201d":[85,204],"merge":[87],"positive":[90,95,104,145],"detections":[96],"from":[97,147],"occlusions.":[98],"usually":[107],"measured":[108],"some":[110],"metric.":[111],"research,":[114],"define":[116],"measure":[119],"between":[120],"visual":[121],"objects,":[122],"as":[123,182],"sum-of-intersection-over-each-area":[124],"(SIOA)":[125],"instead":[126],"commonly":[129],"used":[130],"intersection-over-union":[131],"(IOU).":[132],"second":[134],"\u201cocclusion":[136],"energy":[138,161],"minimization":[139],"(OGEM)\u201d":[140],"prevents":[141],"occluded":[143,155],"true":[144],"merging\u201d.":[150],"Each":[151],"objects":[156],"expressed":[158],"function":[162],"optimal":[165],"will":[167],"be":[168],"obtained":[169],"minimizing":[171],"energy.":[173],"We":[174],"evaluate":[175],"tracker":[178,251],"in":[179,196],"benchmarks":[180],"such":[181],"MOT15":[183],"MOT17":[185],"which":[186],"are":[187],"public":[188],"datasets":[189],"multi-person":[191],"tracking.":[192],"An":[193],"ablation":[194],"study":[195],"training":[197],"dataset":[198],"reveals":[199],"not":[200],"only":[201],"that":[202,212,236,248],"\u201cOGEM\u201d":[206],"complement":[207],"each":[208],"other,":[209],"but":[210],"also":[211],"shows":[217,269],"more":[218],"robust":[219],"performance":[220,230,259],"less":[222],"sensitiveness":[223],"than":[224,235],"baseline":[225],"methods.":[226,264,281],"Also,":[227],"SIOA":[232],"better":[234],"IOU":[238],"various":[240],"sizes":[241],"positives.":[244],"Experimental":[245],"results":[246],"show":[247],"efficiently":[252],"situations":[255],"achieves":[257],"competitive":[258],"compared":[260],"state-of-the-art":[263],"fact,":[266],"our":[267],"best":[271],"accuracy":[274],"among":[275],"real-time":[279],"executable":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2019-08-13T00:00:00"}