{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988808145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952915","title":"Impact of Frequency Reuse and Flexible Cell Association on the Performance of Dense Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Using Dual-Slope Path Loss Model","display_name":"Impact of Frequency Reuse and Flexible Cell Association on the Performance of Dense Heterogeneous Cellular Networks Using Dual-Slope Path Loss Model","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988808145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952915","mag":"2988808145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952915","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08896002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08896002.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101772564","display_name":"Khurram Shehzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-5856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088086","display_name":"Capital University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/004776246","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khurram Shehzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, ACME Center for Research in Wireless Communications (ARWiC), Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-5856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, ACME Center for Research in Wireless Communications (ARWiC), Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030092005","display_name":"Noor M. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-3790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210088086","display_name":"Capital University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/004776246","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noor Muhammad Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, ACME Center for Research in Wireless Communications (ARWiC), Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6118-3790","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, ACME Center for Research in Wireless Communications (ARWiC), Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210088086"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103048761","display_name":"Junaid Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2097-3443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junaid Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2097-3443","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.2422,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5702517,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"166214","last_page":"166234"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7643972635269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.7643871903419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6113722324371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.5816820859909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5806068181991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5765480399131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.550832211971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-reuse","display_name":"Frequency reuse","score":0.5364058613777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coverage-probability","display_name":"Coverage probability","score":0.4948410391807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4943201541900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4646683633327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.46188777685165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.43852007389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-performance","display_name":"Network performance","score":0.41081491112709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.31131625175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2515496611595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.15297284722328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.12504565715789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12421807646751404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7643972635269165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.7643871903419495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6113722324371338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.5816820859909058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5806068181991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5765480399131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.550832211971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985367402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Frequency reuse","level":3,"score":0.5364058613777161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.4948410391807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4943201541900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4646683633327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.46188777685165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.43852007389068604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.41081491112709045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31131625175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2515496611595154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.15297284722328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.12504565715789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12421807646751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952915","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08896002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f8e8a9f8173d4264a7538b4c6a9974b3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f8e8a9f8173d4264a7538b4c6a9974b3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 166214-166234 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952915","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952915","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08896002.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988808145.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988808145.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1994080576","https://openalex.org/W2005108639","https://openalex.org/W2010630450","https://openalex.org/W2034420299","https://openalex.org/W2045847904","https://openalex.org/W2054007869","https://openalex.org/W2076933439","https://openalex.org/W2094769796","https://openalex.org/W2118166339","https://openalex.org/W2123717129","https://openalex.org/W2128628369","https://openalex.org/W2131070905","https://openalex.org/W2134686390","https://openalex.org/W2136530738","https://openalex.org/W2147016173","https://openalex.org/W2149170915","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2160272733","https://openalex.org/W2226672079","https://openalex.org/W2261127636","https://openalex.org/W2297735386","https://openalex.org/W2336650418","https://openalex.org/W2406520110","https://openalex.org/W2478188732","https://openalex.org/W2484159331","https://openalex.org/W2553977658","https://openalex.org/W2557881857","https://openalex.org/W2570961932","https://openalex.org/W2591595315","https://openalex.org/W2593512231","https://openalex.org/W2608404020","https://openalex.org/W2765724978","https://openalex.org/W2768932777","https://openalex.org/W2772832587","https://openalex.org/W2774349331","https://openalex.org/W2782501944","https://openalex.org/W2795183651","https://openalex.org/W2810573778","https://openalex.org/W2891447548","https://openalex.org/W2901362238","https://openalex.org/W2902796038","https://openalex.org/W2926638505","https://openalex.org/W2931458458","https://openalex.org/W2945785881","https://openalex.org/W2963171323","https://openalex.org/W2963274771","https://openalex.org/W3098519192","https://openalex.org/W3099905582","https://openalex.org/W3100850546","https://openalex.org/W3101570866","https://openalex.org/W3104869988","https://openalex.org/W3105225010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2954705445","https://openalex.org/W2167167456","https://openalex.org/W2895876902","https://openalex.org/W2805155750","https://openalex.org/W4318482790","https://openalex.org/W3184150570","https://openalex.org/W2919507082","https://openalex.org/W2742144149","https://openalex.org/W2402274837","https://openalex.org/W3101655482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Densifying":[0],"low-power/small":[1],"base":[2],"stations":[3],"(SBSs)":[4],"in":[5,34,60,85,130,137,160,187,217,258],"support":[6],"of":[7,27,37,51,64,93,99,141,149,158,173,197,223,237],"overlaid":[8],"macro":[9],"BSs":[10],"(MBS)":[11],"is":[12,69,90,127,201,214],"getting":[13],"significant":[14,215],"consideration":[15],"as":[16,47,227],"a":[17,91,174,190],"viable":[18],"solution":[19],"for":[20,80,203,253],"meeting":[21],"the":[22,32,81,86,97,139,146,151,156,171,218,235],"rapidly":[23],"increasing":[24,83],"capacity":[25],"demands":[26],"emerging":[28],"wireless":[29],"networks.":[30,66,88],"Given":[31],"disparity":[33],"transmit":[35],"power":[36],"BS":[38,56],"tiers,":[39],"load":[40,54,106,240],"balancing":[41,107,241],"strategies":[42],"have":[43,164],"achieved":[44],"paramount":[45],"importance":[46],"they":[48,113],"ensure":[49],"balance":[50],"user":[52,182],"access":[53],"amongst":[55],"tiers":[57],"and":[58,108,169,207,242,248],"assist":[59],"availing":[61],"maximum":[62],"potential":[63],"multi-tier":[65,101],"Moreover,":[67],"it":[68,126],"also":[70,128],"essential":[71],"to":[72,78,117,135,145,167,229],"utilize":[73],"efficient":[74],"interference":[75,84,109,243],"management":[76,110,244],"schemes":[77],"account":[79],"excessively":[82],"deployed":[87],"There":[89],"plethora":[92],"literature":[94,131],"available":[95],"on":[96],"analysis":[98],"dense":[100,142,176],"networks":[102,143],"that":[103,132,179,212],"undertake":[104],"various":[105],"mechanisms":[111,245],"but":[112],"are":[114],"strictly":[115],"limited":[116],"single":[118],"slope":[119],"(SS)":[120],"path":[121,152],"loss":[122],"model":[123],"(PLM).":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"well-known":[129],"SS-PLM":[133,198],"leads":[134],"inaccuracies":[136],"estimating":[138,150],"performance":[140,172,222],"owing":[144],"simplistic":[147],"approach":[148],"loss.":[153],"To":[154],"overcome":[155],"limitations":[157],"SS-PLM,":[159],"our":[161,224],"work,":[162],"we":[163],"employed":[165],"DS-PLM":[166,200],"study":[168],"analyze":[170],"two-tier":[175],"cellular":[177,259],"network":[178,221],"permits":[180],"flexible":[181],"association":[183,205],"using":[184],"SBS":[185],"biasing":[186],"conjunction":[188],"with":[189,199],"simple":[191],"frequency":[192],"reuse":[193],"mechanism.":[194],"A":[195],"comparison":[196],"performed":[202],"tier":[204],"probability":[206],"coverage":[208],"probability,":[209],"which":[210],"shows":[211],"there":[213],"difference":[216],"estimated":[219],"overall":[220],"proposed":[225],"scheme,":[226],"compared":[228],"SS-PLM.":[230],"The":[231],"results":[232],"clearly":[233],"signify":[234],"benefits":[236],"utilizing":[238],"both":[239],"under":[246],"DS-PLM,":[247],"give":[249],"critical":[250],"design":[251],"insights":[252],"finding":[254],"optimal":[255],"parametric":[256],"values":[257],"planning.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}