{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989171169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952608","title":"ARU-Net: Research and Application for Wrist Reference Bone Segmentation","display_name":"ARU-Net: Research and Application for Wrist Reference Bone Segmentation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989171169","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952608","mag":"2989171169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952608","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057585686","display_name":"Lijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8671-8766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132223","display_name":"Zhejiang Radio and Television University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpaqs60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132223"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","Xiaoshan College, Zhejiang Radio and Television University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xiaoshan College, Zhejiang Radio and Television University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087605450","display_name":"Xiannian Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiannian Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032623222","display_name":"Minhao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minhao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024406603","display_name":"Jiefan Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-1875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiefan Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2198-1875","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088153559","display_name":"Mingsheng Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0691-2724"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingsheng Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0691-2724","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062098757","display_name":"Keji Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5021-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keji Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057585686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132223","https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6764,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88672754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"166930","last_page":"166938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.7723853588104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6674836874008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6100469827651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","score":0.48761168122291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wrist","display_name":"Wrist","score":0.4664183557033539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4476998746395111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.4341358542442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3451346158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22974038124084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.12382254004478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.07257255911827087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.7723853588104248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6674836874008179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6100469827651978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14166107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253829","display_name":"Net (polyhedron)","level":2,"score":0.48761168122291565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.4664183557033539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4476998746395111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.4341358542442322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3451346158981323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22974038124084473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.12382254004478455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07257255911827087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:745bf15e94ac439696996c3f09b3289f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/745bf15e94ac439696996c3f09b3289f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 166930-166938 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952608","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952608","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5245782340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61872322","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1903029394","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2113834326","https://openalex.org/W2127779261","https://openalex.org/W2146904198","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2162206900","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2774320778","https://openalex.org/W2783195823","https://openalex.org/W2792505645","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2890632173","https://openalex.org/W2891282333","https://openalex.org/W2964227007","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6639824700","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6753412334"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406926056","https://openalex.org/W110334421","https://openalex.org/W2048493693","https://openalex.org/W2559360246","https://openalex.org/W1996668300","https://openalex.org/W2170071336","https://openalex.org/W2013246180","https://openalex.org/W1974560287","https://openalex.org/W4226140812","https://openalex.org/W1522196789"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Due":[0],"to":[1,23,38,124,144,156,213,224,244,251],"the":[2,5,9,13,21,26,30,35,41,45,53,65,73,83,97,103,114,119,131,139,147,158,171,186,197,200,206,215,225,228,231,237,242,254],"influence":[3],"of":[4,12,29,34,44,85,100,105,138,160,176,218,227],"irregular":[6],"shapes":[7],"and":[8,92,102,118,128,169,173,185,205,230],"adjacent":[10],"positions":[11],"wrist":[14,31,56],"reference":[15,32,42,57,66,106,142,238],"bones,":[16],"it":[17,152,220],"is":[18,47,60,76,122,136,183,189,221],"difficult":[19,141],"for":[20,55,80],"expert":[22,243],"accurately":[24,252],"estimate":[25],"mature":[27,247],"indication":[28],"bones":[33,43,143],"minor.":[36],"How":[37],"precisely":[39,235],"segment":[40,145,236],"minor":[46],"a":[48,110],"challenge.":[49],"For":[50],"this":[51],"problem,":[52],"ARU-Net":[54,79,88,177],"bone":[58,67,107,255],"segmentation":[59,216,226],"proposed.":[61],"First,":[62],"we":[63],"extract":[64],"ROI":[68,75],"by":[69],"Faster":[70],"R-CNN.":[71],"Then,":[72],"pre-processed":[74],"fed":[77],"into":[78],"segmentation.":[81,108],"On":[82],"basis":[84],"traditional":[86],"U-Net,":[87],"adds":[89],"residual":[90],"mapping":[91],"attention":[93],"mechanism,":[94],"which":[95,240],"improves":[96],"utilization":[98],"rate":[99,182,202],"features":[101],"accuracy":[104,172,181,201],"Finally,":[109,199],"post-processing":[111,192],"method":[112,193],"including":[113],"flood":[115],"fill":[116],"algorithm":[117],"morphological":[120],"operation":[121],"used":[123],"eliminate":[125],"jagged":[126],"edges":[127],"holes":[129],"in":[130,146],"segmented":[132],"result.":[133,198],"The":[134,180,191],"hamate":[135],"one":[137],"most":[140],"wrist.":[148],"This":[149],"paper":[150],"takes":[151],"as":[153,250],"an":[154],"example":[155],"assess":[157,245],"performance":[159],"ARU-Net.":[161],"Experiments":[162],"show":[163],"that":[164],"compared":[165],"with":[166],"FCN,":[167],"U-Net":[168],"ResUnet,":[170],"F1":[174,187,207],"scores":[175],"are":[178],"higher.":[179],"96.4%,":[184],"score":[188,208],"0.953.":[190],"can":[194,234],"further":[195],"improve":[196],"reaches":[203,209],"96.5%,":[204],"0.954.":[210],"In":[211],"order":[212],"verify":[214],"stability":[217],"ARU-Net,":[219],"also":[222],"applied":[223],"radius":[229],"capitate.":[232],"RU-Net":[233],"bone,":[239],"facilitates":[241],"its":[246],"indication,":[248],"so":[249],"evaluate":[253],"age.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}