{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2984100402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952213","title":"DT-CP: A Double-TTPs-Based Contract-Signing Protocol With Lower Computational Cost","display_name":"DT-CP: A Double-TTPs-Based Contract-Signing Protocol With Lower Computational Cost","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2984100402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952213","mag":"2984100402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952213","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08894107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08894107.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112869781","display_name":"Guangquan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-0989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155952","display_name":"Qingdao Huanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e1zbn94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155952"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangquan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data School, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China","Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-0989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data School, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155952"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446990","display_name":"Yao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-9152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103997900","display_name":"Litao Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155952","display_name":"Qingdao Huanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/05e1zbn94","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155952"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Litao Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Big Data School, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Big Data School, Qingdao Huanghai University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155952"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090517118","display_name":"Emmanouil Panaousis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","display_name":"University of Greenwich","ror":"https://ror.org/00bmj0a71","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emmanouil Panaousis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Greenwich, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing and Information Systems, University of Greenwich, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001485404","display_name":"Kaitai Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-7678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28290843","display_name":"University of Surrey","ror":"https://ror.org/00ks66431","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaitai Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Surrey Centre of Cyber Security, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0262-7678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Surrey Centre of Cyber Security, University of Surrey, Guildford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28290843"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446064","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-5989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106667224","display_name":"Xiaotong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7083-2573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaotong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Networking (TANK), College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.6943,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88512872,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"174740","last_page":"174749"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8014620542526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.6687241792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5694628953933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trusted-third-party","display_name":"Trusted third party","score":0.5655332803726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5417173504829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-source","display_name":"Communication source","score":0.5256643891334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4582139849662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commitment-scheme","display_name":"Commitment scheme","score":0.4518357217311859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.43653619289398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.42211610078811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.389661967754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.2805274426937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.111061692237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.1078980565071106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8014620542526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.6687241792678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5694628953933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139089976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142273","display_name":"Trusted third party","level":2,"score":0.5655332803726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5417173504829407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.5256643891334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4582139849662781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91399829","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1115684","display_name":"Commitment scheme","level":3,"score":0.4518357217311859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.43653619289398193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.42211610078811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.389661967754364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2805274426937103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.111061692237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.1078980565071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952213","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08894107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:gala.gre.ac.uk:26129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401244","display_name":"Greenwich Academic Literature Archive (University of Greenwich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I55060895","host_organization_name":"University of Greenwich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55060895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:40c208731e644f61a81175381ec3ea91","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/40c208731e644f61a81175381ec3ea91","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 174740-174749 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/2636916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2636916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"11","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2952213","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2952213","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08894107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6868406892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB0804402","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2984100402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2984100402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516565629","https://openalex.org/W1518871948","https://openalex.org/W1584915320","https://openalex.org/W1606019519","https://openalex.org/W1958691507","https://openalex.org/W1964909769","https://openalex.org/W1979215153","https://openalex.org/W2007717004","https://openalex.org/W2007877577","https://openalex.org/W2029093196","https://openalex.org/W2032218333","https://openalex.org/W2051876878","https://openalex.org/W2055083041","https://openalex.org/W2060559128","https://openalex.org/W2103221883","https://openalex.org/W2112240651","https://openalex.org/W2119177715","https://openalex.org/W2121637780","https://openalex.org/W2123602747","https://openalex.org/W2187425519","https://openalex.org/W2248390517","https://openalex.org/W2294426641","https://openalex.org/W2402018040","https://openalex.org/W2516564751","https://openalex.org/W2611285867","https://openalex.org/W2740052274","https://openalex.org/W2808213784","https://openalex.org/W2808378737","https://openalex.org/W2910579227","https://openalex.org/W2914247668","https://openalex.org/W2951382491","https://openalex.org/W6697044055","https://openalex.org/W7015710980","https://openalex.org/W7052341542"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566038759","https://openalex.org/W2982682504","https://openalex.org/W2967873809","https://openalex.org/W2401265487","https://openalex.org/W2950142883","https://openalex.org/W316332499","https://openalex.org/W2082624086","https://openalex.org/W1492842426","https://openalex.org/W6478804","https://openalex.org/W2984100402"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"characterizes":[2],"a":[3,49,120],"contract":[4],"signing":[5],"protocol":[6,55,101],"with":[7,115],"high":[8],"efficiency":[9],"in":[10,106,133,150],"Internet":[11,39],"of":[12,36,40,67,71,130,135,141],"Things.":[13],"Recent":[14],"studies":[15],"show":[16],"that":[17,97],"existing":[18],"contract-signing":[19,51],"protocols":[20],"can":[21,102,112],"achieve":[22,113],"abuse-freeness":[23,114],"and":[24,33,147],"resist":[25],"inference":[26],"attack,":[27],"but":[28,110],"cannot":[29],"meet":[30],"the":[31,37,63,68,72,77,91,128,131],"high-efficiency":[32],"convenience":[34],"requirement":[35],"future":[38],"things":[41],"applications.":[42],"To":[43],"solve":[44],"this":[45],"problem,":[46],"we":[47,61,81],"propose":[48],"novel":[50],"protocol.":[52],"Our":[53,94],"proposed":[54,123],"includes":[56],"two":[57,83],"main":[58],"parts:":[59],"1)":[60],"use":[62],"partial":[64],"public":[65],"key":[66],"sender,":[69],"instead":[70],"zero-knowledge":[73],"protocol,":[74],"to":[75,89,144],"verify":[76],"intermediate":[78],"result;":[79],"2)":[80],"employ":[82],"independent":[84],"Trusted":[85],"Third":[86],"Parties":[87],"(TTPs)":[88],"prevent":[90],"honest-but-curious":[92],"TTP.":[93],"analysis":[95],"shows":[96],"our":[98,122],"double":[99],"TTP":[100],"not":[103],"only":[104],"result":[105],"lower":[107],"computational":[108],"cost,":[109],"also":[111],"trapdoor":[116],"commitment":[117],"scheme.":[118],"In":[119],"word,":[121],"scheme":[124],"performs":[125],"better":[126],"than":[127],"state":[129],"art":[132],"terms":[134],"four":[136],"metrics:":[137],"encryption":[138],"time,":[139],"number":[140],"exponentiations,":[142],"data":[143],"be":[145],"exchanged":[146],"exchange":[148],"steps":[149],"one":[151],"round":[152],"contract-signing.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}