{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2985942345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951490","title":"A Measurement-Division Model for TDOA-Based Source Bearing Estimation With Unknown Propagation Speed","display_name":"A Measurement-Division Model for TDOA-Based Source Bearing Estimation With Unknown Propagation Speed","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2985942345","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951490","mag":"2985942345"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2951490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951490","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890813.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027882114","display_name":"Xunxue Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-0388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunxue Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3150-0388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080131701","display_name":"Kegen Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-3073"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25757504","display_name":"China University of Mining and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01xt2dr21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kegen Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-3073","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Environmental Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25757504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036289370","display_name":"Baiting Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-6737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184681353","display_name":"Anhui University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q9atg80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baiting Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3325-6737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184681353"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.1168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.4686004,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"162476","last_page":"162487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multilateration","display_name":"Multilateration","score":0.9491814374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cram\u00e9r\u2013rao-bound","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","score":0.7493188977241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6055500507354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/division","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","score":0.5401086211204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5073625445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.46793290972709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bearing","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","score":0.46568503975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.4602924585342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.4376711845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direction-of-arrival","display_name":"Direction of arrival","score":0.4371602535247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-of-uncertainty","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","score":0.435089647769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.402927041053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.30254966020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.18560054898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15345582365989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13437917828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azimuth","display_name":"Azimuth","score":0.08753228187561035}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104037064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1640884","display_name":"Multilateration","level":3,"score":0.9491814374923706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4978587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138810","display_name":"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","level":3,"score":0.7493188977241516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6055500507354736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60798267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1226939","display_name":"Division (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5401086211204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5073625445365906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.46793290972709656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199978012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1273815","display_name":"Bearing (navigation)","level":2,"score":0.46568503975868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.4602924585342407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.4376711845397949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172051844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280438","display_name":"Direction of arrival","level":3,"score":0.4371602535247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123614077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364905","display_name":"Propagation of uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.435089647769928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.402927041053772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30254966020584106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.18560054898262024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15345582365989685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13437917828559875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.08753228187561035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2951490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951490","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2a6a7d43f3054cbaae6a1ddd6ba421e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2a6a7d43f3054cbaae6a1ddd6ba421e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 162476-162487 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2951490","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951490","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5219795895","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8eGNSS-R\u5730\u8868\u96ea\u6c34\u5f53\u91cf\u6d4b\u91cf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"41574031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8656844291","display_name":"GNSS+\u6c34\u6c7d\u63a2\u6d4b\u7814\u7a76\u53ca\u5176\u5728\u6781\u7aef\u5929\u6c14\u548c\u6c14\u5019\u53d8\u5316\u4e2d\u7684\u521b\u65b0\u5e94\u7528","funder_award_id":"41730109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2985942345.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2985942345.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572219755","https://openalex.org/W1629038213","https://openalex.org/W1964718088","https://openalex.org/W1970229744","https://openalex.org/W1977384542","https://openalex.org/W1980716523","https://openalex.org/W1982352648","https://openalex.org/W2008489425","https://openalex.org/W2028043639","https://openalex.org/W2054922679","https://openalex.org/W2087070363","https://openalex.org/W2093080269","https://openalex.org/W2106156417","https://openalex.org/W2120350100","https://openalex.org/W2126151764","https://openalex.org/W2128398671","https://openalex.org/W2138559499","https://openalex.org/W2160557558","https://openalex.org/W2527207533","https://openalex.org/W2551434662","https://openalex.org/W2582344710","https://openalex.org/W2614148698","https://openalex.org/W2765854173","https://openalex.org/W2768080131","https://openalex.org/W2772640069","https://openalex.org/W2778094290","https://openalex.org/W2789395416","https://openalex.org/W2792123615","https://openalex.org/W2899501937","https://openalex.org/W2911993027","https://openalex.org/W2946655049","https://openalex.org/W2963634839","https://openalex.org/W7008938059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095065017","https://openalex.org/W2138144598","https://openalex.org/W1974000248","https://openalex.org/W2082904991","https://openalex.org/W2085803349","https://openalex.org/W2742766041","https://openalex.org/W2171533994","https://openalex.org/W2387140101","https://openalex.org/W1979558256","https://openalex.org/W2946632095"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,83],"paper":[1],"focuses":[2],"on":[3],"the":[4,27,55,77,80,104,112,120,159,162],"bearing":[5],"estimation":[6,64,127],"problem":[7],"of":[8,42,57,79,131,139,146,158],"far-field":[9],"signal":[10],"source":[11],"via":[12],"time-difference-of-arrival":[13],"(TDOA)":[14],"with":[15],"a":[16,93],"synchronized":[17],"array":[18],"in":[19,34,125,144],"3-D":[20],"space.":[21],"It":[22],"is":[23,31,69,101,116,142],"usually":[24],"assumed":[25],"that":[26],"propagation":[28,81],"speed":[29],"(PS)":[30],"perfectly":[32],"known":[33],"localization.":[35],"In":[36],"reality,":[37],"only":[38],"an":[39,73,126,155],"imperfect":[40],"knowledge":[41],"PS":[43,53],"could":[44],"be":[45],"obtained.":[46],"The":[47,136],"traditional":[48],"closed-form":[49],"solutions":[50],"without":[51,76],"involving":[52],"have":[54],"advantage":[56,157],"low":[58,63],"complexity,":[59],"but":[60],"suffer":[61],"from":[62],"accuracy.":[65],"A":[66,107],"measurement-division":[67,122],"model":[68,85],"proposed":[70],"to":[71,118,153],"offer":[72],"alternative":[74],"solution":[75,141,160],"need":[78],"speed.":[82],"speed-free":[84],"combines":[86],"two":[87],"original":[88],"TDOA":[89],"measurement":[90],"equations":[91],"into":[92],"division":[94],"formula,":[95],"whose":[96],"Cramer-Rao":[97],"lower":[98],"bound":[99],"(CRLB)":[100],"derived":[102],"for":[103],"observed":[105],"data.":[106],"typical":[108],"optimization":[109],"method,":[110],"i.e.":[111],"Levenberg-Marquardt":[113],"(LM)":[114],"algorithm":[115],"adopted":[117],"resolve":[119],"nonlinear":[121],"model,":[123],"resulting":[124],"accuracy":[128,156],"improvement":[129],"because":[130],"its":[132],"iterative":[133],"search":[134],"behavior.":[135],"theoretical":[137],"performance":[138],"this":[140],"evaluated":[143],"terms":[145],"bias":[147],"and":[148],"covariance.":[149],"Simulations":[150],"are":[151],"conducted":[152],"demonstrate":[154],"over":[161],"related":[163],"methods.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}