{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988539463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951056","title":"Bidirectional Tracking Scheme for Visual Object Tracking Based on Recursive Orthogonal Least Squares","display_name":"Bidirectional Tracking Scheme for Visual Object Tracking Based on Recursive Orthogonal Least Squares","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988539463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951056","mag":"2988539463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2951056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951056","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890623.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890623.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043577877","display_name":"Zhiyong Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8965-3021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyong Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053193108","display_name":"Yuanlong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2112-6214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanlong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031128704","display_name":"Miaoxing Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miaoxing Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043577877"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.7152,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75814943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"159199","last_page":"159213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11963","display_name":"Impact of Light on Environment and Health","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7666217088699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.7300869226455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6659958958625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.636905312538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.5883062481880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5552053451538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.5440447330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-bounding-box","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","score":0.5338977575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5321615934371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5001218318939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenation","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","score":0.49921298027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/online-model","display_name":"Online model","score":0.429330050945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"Object detection","score":0.4246244728565216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41869574785232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3849916458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.30216965079307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11941662430763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.08804559707641602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7666217088699341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.7300869226455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6659958958625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.636905312538147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5883062481880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5552053451538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.5440447330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147037132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865426","display_name":"Minimum bounding box","level":3,"score":0.5338977575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5321615934371948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5001218318939209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87619178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126002","display_name":"Concatenation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.49921298027038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777851325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094102","display_name":"Online model","level":2,"score":0.429330050945282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776151529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3045304","display_name":"Object detection","level":3,"score":0.4246244728565216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41869574785232544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3849916458129883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.30216965079307556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11941662430763245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.08804559707641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2951056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951056","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890623.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:48a407e439b04dbd94d6799d4c1476a9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/48a407e439b04dbd94d6799d4c1476a9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 159199-159213 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2951056","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2951056","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08890623.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G37568934","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8172697185","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873067","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988539463.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2988539463.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":88,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W134197611","https://openalex.org/W182940129","https://openalex.org/W1553321628","https://openalex.org/W1554825167","https://openalex.org/W1807914171","https://openalex.org/W1854404533","https://openalex.org/W1857884451","https://openalex.org/W1955514522","https://openalex.org/W1955741794","https://openalex.org/W1956687234","https://openalex.org/W1964846093","https://openalex.org/W1984914017","https://openalex.org/W1991727946","https://openalex.org/W1992088291","https://openalex.org/W1997121481","https://openalex.org/W2016075127","https://openalex.org/W2027021064","https://openalex.org/W2045724293","https://openalex.org/W2060814785","https://openalex.org/W2066757459","https://openalex.org/W2089961441","https://openalex.org/W2098854771","https://openalex.org/W2098941887","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2118097920","https://openalex.org/W2124211486","https://openalex.org/W2126302311","https://openalex.org/W2130026429","https://openalex.org/W2139047213","https://openalex.org/W2141695047","https://openalex.org/W2150000644","https://openalex.org/W2151282921","https://openalex.org/W2154889144","https://openalex.org/W2156137575","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2161969291","https://openalex.org/W2162349892","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165037244","https://openalex.org/W2167089254","https://openalex.org/W2168356304","https://openalex.org/W2170865122","https://openalex.org/W2183648259","https://openalex.org/W2211629196","https://openalex.org/W2293873019","https://openalex.org/W2317354861","https://openalex.org/W2408241409","https://openalex.org/W2470394683","https://openalex.org/W2548197316","https://openalex.org/W2556108308","https://openalex.org/W2557641257","https://openalex.org/W2568078565","https://openalex.org/W2594694775","https://openalex.org/W2605381261","https://openalex.org/W2605524950","https://openalex.org/W2737362155","https://openalex.org/W2761734797","https://openalex.org/W2767302379","https://openalex.org/W2799058067","https://openalex.org/W2894287712","https://openalex.org/W2894682667","https://openalex.org/W2895906665","https://openalex.org/W2902767594","https://openalex.org/W2904531787","https://openalex.org/W2916780012","https://openalex.org/W2917435394","https://openalex.org/W2927438889","https://openalex.org/W2951157758","https://openalex.org/W2955983623","https://openalex.org/W2962824803","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963581151","https://openalex.org/W2964111344","https://openalex.org/W3098217967","https://openalex.org/W3105021215","https://openalex.org/W6605365747","https://openalex.org/W6607635097","https://openalex.org/W6638992375","https://openalex.org/W6641057855","https://openalex.org/W6677907805","https://openalex.org/W6679027886","https://openalex.org/W6684191040","https://openalex.org/W6684332838","https://openalex.org/W6686768265","https://openalex.org/W6736018854","https://openalex.org/W6745467856","https://openalex.org/W6755222050"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2373577936","https://openalex.org/W2901505109","https://openalex.org/W4292829955","https://openalex.org/W2940082708","https://openalex.org/W2287881387","https://openalex.org/W4298299496","https://openalex.org/W2609618931","https://openalex.org/W2988815316","https://openalex.org/W4390755799","https://openalex.org/W2544625237"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"object":[1,34,212],"tracking":[2,133,149,157,161,169,181,227,234],"in":[3,10,237],"unconstrained":[4],"environments":[5],"is":[6,21,110,124,135],"a":[7,46,70],"challenging":[8,23,77],"task":[9],"computer":[11],"vision.":[12],"How":[13],"to":[14,32,41,56,62,98,126,137,192,207],"design":[15,63],"an":[16,64,113],"efficient":[17,65],"discriminative":[18,100],"feature":[19,96],"representation":[20,97],"one":[22],"issue.":[24],"To":[25],"improve":[26],"the":[27,30,37,82,95,117,128,139,155,159,164,174,179,184,196,202,209,214,219,225,232,243,251],"adaptability":[28],"of":[29,84,86,152,187,201,224,250],"tracker":[31],"large":[33],"appearance":[35],"changes,":[36],"observation":[38,67,114],"model":[39,48,57,68,71,129,140,215],"needs":[40],"be":[42],"updated":[43],"online.":[44,130],"However,":[45],"bad":[47],"update":[49,72,127,216],"using":[50],"inaccurate":[51],"training":[52],"samples":[53],"can":[54],"lead":[55],"drift":[58,141],"problem.":[59],"Therefore,":[60],"how":[61],"online":[66,144],"and":[69,91,102,116,163,177,213,246],"strategy":[73,217],"are":[74],"two":[75,204],"other":[76],"issues.":[78],"This":[79],"paper":[80],"proposes":[81],"concatenation":[83],"histogram":[85,93],"oriented":[87],"gradients":[88],"variant":[89],"(HOGv)":[90],"color":[92],"as":[94,112],"balance":[99],"power":[101],"efficiency.":[103],"The":[104,146,167],"single-hidden-layer":[105],"feedforward":[106],"neural":[107],"network":[108],"(SFNN)":[109],"used":[111,125],"model,":[115],"recursive":[118],"orthogonal":[119],"least":[120],"squares":[121],"(ROLS)":[122],"algorithm":[123],"A":[131],"bidirectional":[132,148],"scheme":[134,150],"designed":[136],"alleviate":[138],"problem":[142],"during":[143],"tracking.":[145],"proposed":[147,233],"consists":[151],"three":[153],"modules:":[154],"forward":[156,168],"module,":[158],"backward":[160,180],"module":[162,170,182,198],"integration":[165,197],"module.":[166],"first":[171,203],"finds":[172],"all":[173],"candidate":[175,189],"regions,":[176],"then,":[178],"calculates":[183],"respective":[185],"confidence":[186],"each":[188],"region":[190],"according":[191],"historical":[193],"information.":[194],"Finally,":[195],"integrates":[199],"both":[200],"modules'":[205],"results":[206,236],"determine":[208],"final":[210],"tracked":[211],"for":[218],"current":[220],"frame.":[221],"Extensive":[222],"evaluations":[223],"existing":[226],"benchmarks":[228],"have":[229],"shown":[230],"that":[231],"framework":[235],"significant":[238],"performance":[239],"improvements":[240],"compared":[241],"with":[242],"base":[244],"tracker,":[245],"it":[247],"outperforms":[248],"most":[249],"state-of-the-art":[252],"trackers.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-16T08:26:57.006410","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}