{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2986120302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950384","title":"A Review: Emphasizing the Nanofluids Use in PV/T Systems","display_name":"A Review: Emphasizing the Nanofluids Use in PV/T Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2986120302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950384","mag":"2986120302"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2950384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950384","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08887432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08887432.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000677485","display_name":"Mahesh Vaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-056X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh Vaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059982303","display_name":"Rashmi Walvekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-1278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashmi Walvekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-1278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group (SEGT), Faculty of Innovation and Technology, School of Engineering, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081297240","display_name":"Abdul Khaliq Rasheed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5023-2174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Khaliq Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101917183","display_name":"Mohammad Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0265-4820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085074127","display_name":"Hitesh Panchal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3787-9712"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hitesh Panchal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Patan, Katpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical Engineering Department, Government Engineering College Patan, Katpur, India","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3017,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78535458,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":null,"first_page":"58227","last_page":"58249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10905","display_name":"Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10468","display_name":"Photovoltaic System Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10104","display_name":"Nanofluid Flow and Heat Transfer","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid","display_name":"Nanofluid","score":0.7390641570091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.6668705940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coolant","display_name":"Coolant","score":0.6615445613861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.5824374556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overheating","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","score":0.5468456745147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaics","display_name":"Photovoltaics","score":0.505624532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.4567273259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.444349080324173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-transfer","display_name":"Heat transfer","score":0.41932839155197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-energy","display_name":"Thermal energy","score":0.4153260588645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3845593333244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.33236566185951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32804176211357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.239289790391922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19148105382919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.18593117594718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle","display_name":"Nanoparticle","score":0.1005246639251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09293800592422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermodynamics","display_name":"Thermodynamics","score":0.08053189516067505}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.7390641570091248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.6668705940246582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91914117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056832","display_name":"Coolant","level":2,"score":0.6615445613861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5824374556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778284599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25340000","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.5468456745147705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542589376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192127","display_name":"Photovoltaics","level":3,"score":0.505624532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.4567273259162903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.444349080324173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.41932839155197144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107861326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209233","display_name":"Thermal energy","level":2,"score":0.4153260588645935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3845593333244324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33236566185951233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32804176211357117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.239289790391922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19148105382919312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.18593117594718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.1005246639251709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09293800592422485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.08053189516067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2950384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950384","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08887432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2022c658d1914b0b844eeb8dcfe37e11","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2022c658d1914b0b844eeb8dcfe37e11","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 8, Pp 58227-58249 (2020)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2950384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2950384","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8948470/08887432.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8399999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986120302.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2986120302.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":170,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W279751186","https://openalex.org/W299067695","https://openalex.org/W1229753341","https://openalex.org/W1592622566","https://openalex.org/W1868638423","https://openalex.org/W1898250892","https://openalex.org/W1964233017","https://openalex.org/W1964329025","https://openalex.org/W1964882266","https://openalex.org/W1966666497","https://openalex.org/W1967392965","https://openalex.org/W1967932542","https://openalex.org/W1968550474","https://openalex.org/W1968755936","https://openalex.org/W1969596863","https://openalex.org/W1971267589","https://openalex.org/W1972067347","https://openalex.org/W1972079266","https://openalex.org/W1973278208","https://openalex.org/W1977428092","https://openalex.org/W1977994611","https://openalex.org/W1978745871","https://openalex.org/W1980104991","https://openalex.org/W1983517595","https://openalex.org/W1983974735","https://openalex.org/W1984712857","https://openalex.org/W1985508476","https://openalex.org/W1987158884","https://openalex.org/W1987511417","https://openalex.org/W1987905360","https://openalex.org/W1987949587","https://openalex.org/W1988308975","https://openalex.org/W1992427258","https://openalex.org/W1992644507","https://openalex.org/W1993817106","https://openalex.org/W1997460517","https://openalex.org/W1997769905","https://openalex.org/W1998366867","https://openalex.org/W2000685052","https://openalex.org/W2002471263","https://openalex.org/W2003525066","https://openalex.org/W2004490745","https://openalex.org/W2008138710","https://openalex.org/W2008418804","https://openalex.org/W2008539165","https://openalex.org/W2010114298","https://openalex.org/W2010879338","https://openalex.org/W2011069771","https://openalex.org/W2011444891","https://openalex.org/W2012465367","https://openalex.org/W2013960167","https://openalex.org/W2017770021","https://openalex.org/W2018295848","https://openalex.org/W2019020590","https://openalex.org/W2021168424","https://openalex.org/W2023558613","https://openalex.org/W2025390747","https://openalex.org/W2026032234","https://openalex.org/W2028278245","https://openalex.org/W2029502765","https://openalex.org/W2030116401","https://openalex.org/W2033928408","https://openalex.org/W2034482142","https://openalex.org/W2034487342","https://openalex.org/W2034619351","https://openalex.org/W2034765163","https://openalex.org/W2037392365","https://openalex.org/W2040853123","https://openalex.org/W2041904673","https://openalex.org/W2043120946","https://openalex.org/W2047718404","https://openalex.org/W2053015994","https://openalex.org/W2053591921","https://openalex.org/W2054317310","https://openalex.org/W2054430224","https://openalex.org/W2055897980","https://openalex.org/W2058122340","https://openalex.org/W2060543310","https://openalex.org/W2061724748","https://openalex.org/W2062336898","https://openalex.org/W2063315947","https://openalex.org/W2071260284","https://openalex.org/W2071313391","https://openalex.org/W2071573403","https://openalex.org/W2071608198","https://openalex.org/W2074123437","https://openalex.org/W2075626686","https://openalex.org/W2077266528","https://openalex.org/W2079614676","https://openalex.org/W2082133566","https://openalex.org/W2082466851","https://openalex.org/W2086917395","https://openalex.org/W2094500754","https://openalex.org/W2094986404","https://openalex.org/W2097189887","https://openalex.org/W2101565474","https://openalex.org/W2105685140","https://openalex.org/W2113858311","https://openalex.org/W2120665703","https://openalex.org/W2133299333","https://openalex.org/W2135756694","https://openalex.org/W2137013989","https://openalex.org/W2140866824","https://openalex.org/W2163389589","https://openalex.org/W2170949406","https://openalex.org/W2179212654","https://openalex.org/W2192105744","https://openalex.org/W2202947985","https://openalex.org/W2213018772","https://openalex.org/W2231016942","https://openalex.org/W2247233821","https://openalex.org/W2252546980","https://openalex.org/W2265571583","https://openalex.org/W2277935766","https://openalex.org/W2289054841","https://openalex.org/W2320410120","https://openalex.org/W2377839025","https://openalex.org/W2412906078","https://openalex.org/W2417158287","https://openalex.org/W2462581794","https://openalex.org/W2464916318","https://openalex.org/W2469436474","https://openalex.org/W2478242081","https://openalex.org/W2478832028","https://openalex.org/W2479328937","https://openalex.org/W2481097165","https://openalex.org/W2516151358","https://openalex.org/W2530932687","https://openalex.org/W2532093785","https://openalex.org/W2550400957","https://openalex.org/W2563498561","https://openalex.org/W2564234282","https://openalex.org/W2565029532","https://openalex.org/W2578649246","https://openalex.org/W2579988380","https://openalex.org/W2587454112","https://openalex.org/W2595319896","https://openalex.org/W2598896050","https://openalex.org/W2611954074","https://openalex.org/W2617588301","https://openalex.org/W2740928349","https://openalex.org/W2744608219","https://openalex.org/W2754464438","https://openalex.org/W2758696623","https://openalex.org/W2763277974","https://openalex.org/W2763457340","https://openalex.org/W2763926438","https://openalex.org/W2771080250","https://openalex.org/W2775935463","https://openalex.org/W2789478001","https://openalex.org/W2792268598","https://openalex.org/W2792515187","https://openalex.org/W2794794653","https://openalex.org/W2800760575","https://openalex.org/W2802554767","https://openalex.org/W2890313024","https://openalex.org/W2897055764","https://openalex.org/W2911179516","https://openalex.org/W2916559977","https://openalex.org/W2979562792","https://openalex.org/W3151185503","https://openalex.org/W4238763954","https://openalex.org/W6635075540","https://openalex.org/W6647223844","https://openalex.org/W6650165341","https://openalex.org/W6685580670","https://openalex.org/W6730721072","https://openalex.org/W6758257499","https://openalex.org/W6768493575","https://openalex.org/W6793487608"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2624133465","https://openalex.org/W2751943003","https://openalex.org/W4220951290","https://openalex.org/W2963928601","https://openalex.org/W4382581948","https://openalex.org/W1980293698","https://openalex.org/W4210872192","https://openalex.org/W2218132187","https://openalex.org/W2481415324","https://openalex.org/W2051684887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Certainly,":[0],"photovoltaics":[1],"(PV)":[2],"is":[3,73],"regarded":[4],"as":[5,70],"one":[6],"of":[7,44,48,82,95,142,170,179],"the":[8,32,42,45,78,83,93,140,156,165,171,177,183],"most":[9],"reliable":[10],"and":[11,53,99,118,150,153,159,182,194],"competitive":[12],"energy":[13,119],"production":[14],"alternatives":[15],"due":[16,57],"to":[17,27,58,114,188,201],"a":[18,74,102],"massive":[19],"decline":[20],"in":[21,110,147,163],"prices.":[22],"Coming":[23],"years":[24],"are":[25,63,198],"expected":[26],"witness":[28],"PV":[29,49,60,97,133],"systems":[30,61],"leading":[31],"renewable":[33],"electricity":[34],"capacity":[35],"growth":[36],"by":[37],"surpassing":[38],"550":[39],"GW.":[40],"However,":[41],"efficiency":[43],"enormous":[46],"number":[47],"modules":[50,98],"being":[51,86],"produced":[52],"installed":[54],"remains":[55],"poor":[56],"overheating.":[59],"that":[62,112],"cooled":[64],"using":[65],"liquid":[66],"coolants,":[67],"popularly":[68],"known":[69],"photovoltaic-thermal":[71],"(PV/T)":[72],"promising":[75],"solution,":[76],"but":[77],"inherent":[79],"thermal":[80,149],"conductivity":[81],"conventional":[84],"coolants":[85,111],"used":[87],"makes":[88],"it":[89],"less":[90],"attractive.":[91],"Besides":[92],"evolution":[94,141],"next-generation":[96],"efficient":[100],"designs,":[101],"breakthrough":[103],"was":[104],"made":[105],"when":[106],"nanoparticles":[107],"successfully":[108],"dispersed":[109],"led":[113],"better":[115],"heat":[116,130],"transfer":[117,131],"conversion.":[120],"In":[121,135,168],"recent":[122],"years,":[123],"hybrid":[124,160,180],"nanoparticle-based":[125],"fluids":[126],"have":[127],"helped":[128],"augment":[129],"through":[132,190],"panels.":[134],"this":[136],"review,":[137],"we":[138,174],"discussed":[139],"PV/T":[143,172],"system;":[144],"difficulties":[145],"faced":[146],"improving":[148],"electrical":[151],"production,":[152],"explain":[154],"how":[155],"design":[157,187],"modifications":[158],"nanofluids":[161,181],"contribute":[162],"enhancing":[164],"system":[166],"performance.":[167],"terms":[169],"efficiency,":[173],"specifically":[175],"highlight":[176],"role":[178],"struggles":[184],"arise":[185],"from":[186],"operation":[189],"10":[191],"big":[192],"questions":[193],"some":[195],"possible":[196],"solutions":[197],"also":[199],"suggested":[200],"overcome":[202],"those":[203],"issues.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}