{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982523999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949951","title":"A Blockchain-Based Framework for Supply Chain Provenance","display_name":"A Blockchain-Based Framework for Supply Chain Provenance","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982523999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949951","mag":"2982523999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884089.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884089.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013057756","display_name":"Pinchen Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-5096"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pinchen Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-5096","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012716664","display_name":"Julie Dixon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4303-7949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Dixon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079601863","display_name":"Ujjwal Guin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-8728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82497590","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ujjwal Guin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82497590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091693560","display_name":"Daniel DiMase","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Dimase","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerocyonics, Inc., East Greenwich, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerocyonics, Inc., East Greenwich, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":15.3021,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":149,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99347226,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"157113","last_page":"157125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9825000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9244999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.9648147821426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supply-chain","display_name":"Supply chain","score":0.6809670925140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5925077199935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provenance","display_name":"Provenance","score":0.5241917967796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.28806325793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.2210049033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07064905762672424}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.9648147821426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108713360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1824206","display_name":"Supply chain","level":2,"score":0.6809670925140381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5925077199935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780049196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23582628","display_name":"Provenance","level":2,"score":0.5241917967796326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.28806325793266296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2210049033164978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07064905762672424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5900021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163082","display_name":"Petrology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884089.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2303f0043c4c4c7881ce3be87a779e3f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2303f0043c4c4c7881ce3be87a779e3f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 157113-157125 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949951","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949951","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884089.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3760485224","display_name":"CRII: SaTC: Robust Design-for-Security (DFS) Architecture for Enabling Trust in Integrated Circuits (IC) Manufacturing and Test","funder_award_id":"1755733","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8427025927","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1755733","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309904","display_name":"Auburn University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v80fc35"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982523999.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2982523999.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W283009591","https://openalex.org/W1585912603","https://openalex.org/W1992413325","https://openalex.org/W1993023092","https://openalex.org/W1995505545","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2007280892","https://openalex.org/W2028504835","https://openalex.org/W2035407142","https://openalex.org/W2056378733","https://openalex.org/W2061695600","https://openalex.org/W2085047243","https://openalex.org/W2091664166","https://openalex.org/W2093439000","https://openalex.org/W2099101940","https://openalex.org/W2112414127","https://openalex.org/W2112787602","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2124458446","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2158902938","https://openalex.org/W2290426788","https://openalex.org/W2296335794","https://openalex.org/W2300806133","https://openalex.org/W2307493678","https://openalex.org/W2422685390","https://openalex.org/W2511580607","https://openalex.org/W2529069954","https://openalex.org/W2555456100","https://openalex.org/W2608329737","https://openalex.org/W2640631472","https://openalex.org/W2732894263","https://openalex.org/W2737252471","https://openalex.org/W2740090788","https://openalex.org/W2763928992","https://openalex.org/W2769227940","https://openalex.org/W2770675950","https://openalex.org/W2793488015","https://openalex.org/W2798461574","https://openalex.org/W2808442774","https://openalex.org/W2890967730","https://openalex.org/W2906948942","https://openalex.org/W2939511003","https://openalex.org/W2944303466","https://openalex.org/W2948948190","https://openalex.org/W2949793452","https://openalex.org/W2964302640","https://openalex.org/W2973558776","https://openalex.org/W2980589546","https://openalex.org/W3026084164","https://openalex.org/W3102661748","https://openalex.org/W3123722958","https://openalex.org/W3214874403","https://openalex.org/W4235696082","https://openalex.org/W4241472700","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6697144307","https://openalex.org/W6769186100"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,116],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,14,34,47,58,83,87,142],"the":[3,12,17,30,35,44,56,85,91,113,140],"electronics":[4],"supply":[5,36,92,114],"chain":[6,37],"has":[7,38],"grown":[8],"significantly":[9],"due":[10,42],"to":[11,43,68,102,138],"expansion":[13],"globalization":[15],"in":[16,90,112],"21st":[18],"century.":[19],"Electronic":[20],"parts":[21,64,89],"are":[22,110],"now":[23],"manufactured,":[24],"distributed,":[25],"and":[26,32,52,60,70,104],"sold":[27],"globally.":[28],"Ensuring":[29],"security":[31],"integrity":[33],"become":[39],"extremely":[40],"challenging":[41],"widespread":[45],"infiltration":[46],"untrusted":[48],"hardware,":[49],"specifically,":[50],"counterfeit":[51],"cloned":[53],"parts.":[54],"Especially,":[55],"provenance":[57],"microelectronics":[59],"commercial":[61],"off-the-shelf":[62],"(COTS)":[63],"becomes":[65],"prohibitively":[66],"difficult":[67],"track":[69,103],"calls":[71],"for":[72,128],"immediate":[73],"solutions.":[74],"In":[75],"this":[76,130],"paper,":[77],"we":[78],"present":[79,139],"a":[80,97,122],"non-destructive":[81],"way":[82],"ensuring":[84],"traceability":[86],"electronic":[88],"chain.":[93,115],"We":[94],"have":[95],"implemented":[96],"blockchain-based":[98],"framework,":[99],"which":[100],"helps":[101],"trace":[105],"every":[106],"chip":[107],"while":[108],"they":[109],"circulating":[111],"proposed":[117,144],"framework":[118],"is":[119,126,135],"built":[120],"upon":[121],"permissioned":[123],"blockchain.":[124],"Hyperledger":[125],"used":[127],"implementing":[129],"framework.":[131],"A":[132],"detailed":[133],"analysis":[134],"carried":[136],"out":[137],"feasibility":[141],"our":[143],"approach.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
