{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982612450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949916","title":"A Distributed State-of-Charge Balancing Control Scheme for Three-Port Output-Series Converters in DC Hybrid Energy Storage Systems","display_name":"A Distributed State-of-Charge Balancing Control Scheme for Three-Port Output-Series Converters in DC Hybrid Energy Storage Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982612450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949916","mag":"2982612450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949916","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884107.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077675580","display_name":"Panbao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Panbao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0545-1818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101609224","display_name":"Peng Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9791-7584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100684375","display_name":"Xiaonan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0920-1939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84392919","display_name":"Temple University","ror":"https://ror.org/00kx1jb78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaonan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84392919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100392285","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4023-2845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341927","display_name":"Dianguo Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1594-8625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianguo Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077675580"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5057,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66818359,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"157173","last_page":"157184"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10179","display_name":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10175","display_name":"Advanced DC-DC Converters","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6961175203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-of-charge","display_name":"State of charge","score":0.6855379939079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duty-cycle","display_name":"Duty cycle","score":0.6832859516143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.5983976721763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5912388563156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5415191650390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4390637278556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4259444773197174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.42154648900032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3743300437927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3256780505180359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.31496569514274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.19839569926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.11160433292388916}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6961175203323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776582896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5368536","display_name":"State of charge","level":4,"score":0.6855379939079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199822604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557120","display_name":"Duty cycle","level":3,"score":0.6832859516143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.5983976721763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5912388563156128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5415191650390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4390637278556824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4259444773197174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.42154648900032043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3743300437927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3256780505180359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.31496569514274597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.19839569926261902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.11160433292388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949916","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a0f656a40ce04279b5f9a00ee3717a03","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a0f656a40ce04279b5f9a00ee3717a03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 157173-157184 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949916","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08884107.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5658704111","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51707045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1676222619","https://openalex.org/W1892166179","https://openalex.org/W1964900127","https://openalex.org/W1993812457","https://openalex.org/W1996052657","https://openalex.org/W1999912594","https://openalex.org/W2003846045","https://openalex.org/W2008470559","https://openalex.org/W2035888445","https://openalex.org/W2054493301","https://openalex.org/W2090774257","https://openalex.org/W2121271034","https://openalex.org/W2124112723","https://openalex.org/W2127050485","https://openalex.org/W2127086830","https://openalex.org/W2139060519","https://openalex.org/W2150740444","https://openalex.org/W2158663644","https://openalex.org/W2166176048","https://openalex.org/W2323256624","https://openalex.org/W2328229040","https://openalex.org/W2529474401","https://openalex.org/W2550023559","https://openalex.org/W2602788788","https://openalex.org/W2611515257","https://openalex.org/W2617095618","https://openalex.org/W2621975476","https://openalex.org/W2749136109","https://openalex.org/W2800760842","https://openalex.org/W2909325590","https://openalex.org/W2923499494","https://openalex.org/W2936874220"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1562159987","https://openalex.org/W2004734718","https://openalex.org/W3190332208","https://openalex.org/W4388623464","https://openalex.org/W3126531014","https://openalex.org/W2098124661","https://openalex.org/W2519883542","https://openalex.org/W3006423619","https://openalex.org/W3195056770","https://openalex.org/W4385625847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,52],"study,":[2],"a":[3,42,54],"distributed":[4],"state-of-charge":[5],"(SoC)":[6],"balancing":[7,79,98,125,151],"control":[8,80,116,152,175],"strategy":[9,81,153,176],"is":[10,48,70,87,154,169],"proposed":[11,77,174],"for":[12,82],"output-series,":[13,164],"hybrid":[14,44,165],"energy":[15,45,166],"storage,":[16],"three-port":[17],"converters":[18],"(TPCs),":[19],"to":[20,171],"address":[21],"the":[22,32,36,58,63,76,83,93,109,115,121,124,128,134,140,144,163,173],"problem":[23],"of":[24,41,75,95,123,133,143,162],"SoC":[25,78,97,101,150],"and":[26,99,114,120,131,158],"voltage":[27],"imbalance":[28],"as":[29,31],"well":[30],"power":[33],"distribution":[34],"in":[35,90,156,177],"series":[37],"converters.":[38],"The":[39,73],"topology":[40],"single":[43],"storage":[46,167],"TPC":[47],"described":[49],"first.":[50],"On":[51],"basis,":[53],"brief":[55],"analysis":[56,94],"on":[57,127],"key":[59],"operating":[60],"waveforms":[61],"with":[62,148],"phase":[64],"shift":[65],"plus":[66],"duty":[67],"cycle":[68],"modulation":[69],"also":[71],"presented.":[72],"principle":[74],"TPC-based":[84],"output-series":[85,110,145],"system":[86,112,135,147],"then":[88,137],"analyzed":[89],"detail,":[91],"including":[92],"battery":[96],"supercapacitor":[100],"self-recovery.":[102],"By":[103],"performing":[104],"generalized":[105],"averaging":[106],"modelling,":[107],"both":[108],"converter":[111,146],"model":[113,117],"are":[118,136],"established,":[119],"influences":[122],"coefficient":[126],"dynamic":[129],"behavior":[130],"stability":[132],"analyzed.":[138],"Finally,":[139],"simulation":[141],"validation":[142],"its":[149],"performed":[155],"PLECS,":[157],"an":[159],"experimental":[160,179],"prototype":[161],"TPC,":[168],"constructed":[170],"verify":[172],"various":[178],"scenarios.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-19T21:40:30.786675","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
