{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981907288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949150","title":"Training a Camera to Perform Long-Distance Eye Tracking by Another Eye-Tracker","display_name":"Training a Camera to Perform Long-Distance Eye Tracking by Another Eye-Tracker","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981907288","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949150","mag":"2981907288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949150","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08880636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08880636.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100389198","display_name":"Wenyu Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wenyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","ORCiD"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072088531","display_name":"Qinglin Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0049-937X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qinglin Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062266270","display_name":"Hao Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1356-7463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080583315","display_name":"Shijie Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-5294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shijie Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automation, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101614174","display_name":"Yongchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-0973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101945817","display_name":"Li Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2008-6230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Instrument Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054126044","display_name":"Qiang Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9421-5596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141776","display_name":"China XD Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ceqst84","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi\u2019an iSoftStone Network Technology Company Ltd., Xi\u2019an, China","Xi&#x2019;an iSoftStone Network Technology Company Ltd., Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi\u2019an iSoftStone Network Technology Company Ltd., Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141776"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi&#x2019;an iSoftStone Network Technology Company Ltd., Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015883801","display_name":"Feng Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2179-2460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Automation and Intelligence, College of Artificial Intelligence, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100647156","display_name":"Tianming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-9048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165733156","display_name":"University of Georgia","ror":"https://ror.org/00te3t702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","ORCiD","Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ORCiD","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cortical Architecture Imaging and Discovery Lab, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165733156"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100389198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.5763,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83780277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"155313","last_page":"155324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9422000050544739,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7750357985496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.7627030611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7489064931869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7304643392562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5898901224136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5692014694213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.09019675850868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06970039010047913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7750357985496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.7627030611038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7489064931869507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7304643392562866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5898901224136353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5692014694213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.09019675850868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06970039010047913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949150","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08880636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e81068803afa4bbb925b72736f7357ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e81068803afa4bbb925b72736f7357ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 155313-155324 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2949150","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949150","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08880636.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1231421488","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"under","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2087396116","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"China","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2897144713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61673224","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317480652","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Science","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5994120800","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Natural","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981907288.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981907288.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538622809","https://openalex.org/W1581173798","https://openalex.org/W1628791547","https://openalex.org/W1769933788","https://openalex.org/W1831674524","https://openalex.org/W1946259682","https://openalex.org/W1949906945","https://openalex.org/W1967475838","https://openalex.org/W1973315113","https://openalex.org/W1984232353","https://openalex.org/W2001252859","https://openalex.org/W2020741953","https://openalex.org/W2027879843","https://openalex.org/W2042906110","https://openalex.org/W2042933690","https://openalex.org/W2059916030","https://openalex.org/W2098597588","https://openalex.org/W2103150354","https://openalex.org/W2119635426","https://openalex.org/W2121719413","https://openalex.org/W2123000084","https://openalex.org/W2137401668","https://openalex.org/W2166053089","https://openalex.org/W2167020116","https://openalex.org/W2468114283","https://openalex.org/W2520728012","https://openalex.org/W2557669140","https://openalex.org/W2588429895","https://openalex.org/W2611820723","https://openalex.org/W2756166059","https://openalex.org/W2789425677","https://openalex.org/W2805941539","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2885905848","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W6638807622","https://openalex.org/W6640564649","https://openalex.org/W6640889777","https://openalex.org/W6675356155","https://openalex.org/W6748528626","https://openalex.org/W6750227808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Appearance-based":[0],"gaze":[1,18,45,59,90],"estimation":[2,19,46,60],"techniques":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5,21,36],"greatly":[6],"advanced":[7],"in":[8,26,42],"these":[9,50],"years.":[10],"However,":[11],"using":[12],"a":[13,37,56,63,93,103],"single":[14,147],"camera":[15,64,148],"for":[16],"appearance-based":[17,44],"has":[20,35],"limited":[22],"to":[23,65,118,125,136],"short":[24],"distance":[25],"previous":[27,43],"studies.":[28,47],"In":[29,81,127],"addition,":[30],"labeling":[31],"of":[32],"training":[33,83],"samples":[34],"time-consuming":[38],"and":[39,98,149,167,174],"unfriendly":[40],"step":[41],"To":[48],"bridge":[49],"significant":[51],"gaps,":[52],"this":[53],"paper":[54],"presents":[55],"new":[57],"long-distance":[58,104],"paradigm:":[61],"train":[62],"perform":[66],"eye":[67,71,77,96,165,169],"tracking":[68,166,170],"by":[69,92,102,145],"another":[70],"tracker,":[72],"named":[73],"Learning-based":[74],"Single":[75],"Camera":[76],"tracker":[78,97],"(LSC":[79],"eye-tracker).":[80],"the":[82,85,120,128,131,141,146,150,159],"stage,":[84,130],"LSC":[86,132,160],"eye-tracker":[87,133,161],"simultaneously":[88],"acquired":[89,142],"data":[91],"commercial":[94],"trainer":[95],"face":[99],"appearance":[100,123,143],"images":[101,124,144],"trainee":[105],"camera,":[106],"based":[107,139],"on":[108,140],"which":[109],"deep":[110],"convolutional":[111],"neural":[112],"network":[113],"(CNN)":[114],"models":[115],"are":[116],"utilized":[117],"learn":[119],"mapping":[121],"from":[122],"gazes.":[126],"application":[129],"works":[134],"alone":[135],"predict":[137],"gazes":[138],"trained":[151],"CNN":[152],"models.":[153],"Our":[154],"experimental":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"enables":[162],"both":[163],"population-based":[164],"personalized":[168],"with":[171],"promising":[172],"accuracy":[173],"performance.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
