{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981608951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948839","title":"Target Recognition of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Based on Matching and Similarity Evaluation Between Binary Regions","display_name":"Target Recognition of Synthetic Aperture Radar Images Based on Matching and Similarity Evaluation Between Binary Regions","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981608951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948839","mag":"2981608951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948839","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879554.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004893403","display_name":"Shi Cui-ping","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-3890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuiping Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7358-3890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011797167","display_name":"Fengjuan Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4489-2322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengjuan Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114833433","display_name":"Zhan Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0516-9943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhan Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062996827","display_name":"Ying Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7407-6126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111971639","display_name":"Qiqihar University","ror":"https://ror.org/01khf5d59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication and Electronic Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111971639"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":23.4678,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98896425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"154398","last_page":"154413"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11609","display_name":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","score":0.73613041639328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7245966792106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6768076419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6732378005981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.633793294429779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-target-recognition","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","score":0.592019259929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.5837860107421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/target-acquisition","display_name":"Target acquisition","score":0.5625799894332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.5563181042671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse-synthetic-aperture-radar","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","score":0.5314513444900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity-measure","display_name":"Similarity measure","score":0.5004289150238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4746994376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.4461970627307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.44114747643470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.39165905117988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.3355070948600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13590621948242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.08180639147758484}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.73613041639328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7245966792106628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6768076419830322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6732378005981445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.633793294429779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117623542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621974","display_name":"Automatic target recognition","level":3,"score":0.592019259929657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.5837860107421875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779726219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7685884","display_name":"Target acquisition","level":2,"score":0.5625799894332886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.5563181042671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109094680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6060432","display_name":"Inverse synthetic aperture radar","level":4,"score":0.5314513444900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776517306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29017317","display_name":"Similarity measure","level":2,"score":0.5004289150238037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4746994376182556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.4461970627307892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.44114747643470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.39165905117988586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.3355070948600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13590621948242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.08180639147758484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948839","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cad9c63cef0e48fa829c816cde88bb4d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cad9c63cef0e48fa829c816cde88bb4d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 154398-154413 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948839","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08879554.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.800000011920929,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2365787920","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QC2018045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4672855674","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LBH-Z17052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326178","funder_display_name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7245262983","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"41701479","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355248390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61675051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8789989347","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017M621246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326178","display_name":"Heilongjiang Provincial Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981608951.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981608951.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W322998299","https://openalex.org/W1892362931","https://openalex.org/W1964233644","https://openalex.org/W1966040997","https://openalex.org/W1998943499","https://openalex.org/W2013203016","https://openalex.org/W2038591350","https://openalex.org/W2052172955","https://openalex.org/W2060495548","https://openalex.org/W2066737116","https://openalex.org/W2080639449","https://openalex.org/W2094518347","https://openalex.org/W2100286988","https://openalex.org/W2111525901","https://openalex.org/W2124014399","https://openalex.org/W2124648367","https://openalex.org/W2125905897","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130213634","https://openalex.org/W2134560790","https://openalex.org/W2138287042","https://openalex.org/W2148791593","https://openalex.org/W2149918662","https://openalex.org/W2150486153","https://openalex.org/W2161274558","https://openalex.org/W2262462480","https://openalex.org/W2269648248","https://openalex.org/W2281856034","https://openalex.org/W2292481059","https://openalex.org/W2410591237","https://openalex.org/W2513787030","https://openalex.org/W2517475170","https://openalex.org/W2521772843","https://openalex.org/W2534070885","https://openalex.org/W2578577414","https://openalex.org/W2588453093","https://openalex.org/W2596473454","https://openalex.org/W2619261595","https://openalex.org/W2730249686","https://openalex.org/W2736144970","https://openalex.org/W2764034829","https://openalex.org/W2767982410","https://openalex.org/W2770833836","https://openalex.org/W2782522152","https://openalex.org/W2790999052","https://openalex.org/W2797425815","https://openalex.org/W2804451427","https://openalex.org/W2883270032","https://openalex.org/W2886347302","https://openalex.org/W2889621419","https://openalex.org/W2891190453","https://openalex.org/W2891609780","https://openalex.org/W2900193097","https://openalex.org/W2901451406","https://openalex.org/W2918419857","https://openalex.org/W2923249467","https://openalex.org/W2948594896","https://openalex.org/W2963274778","https://openalex.org/W4229921563","https://openalex.org/W6611190527","https://openalex.org/W6743857607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965572316","https://openalex.org/W4390678388","https://openalex.org/W2112220318","https://openalex.org/W2131815970","https://openalex.org/W2006284743","https://openalex.org/W3094709941","https://openalex.org/W3041793138","https://openalex.org/W3013723914","https://openalex.org/W2003904372","https://openalex.org/W2262462480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"uses":[2],"the":[3,18,26,30,51,69,78,82,87,92,96,101,116,126,139,175,197,200],"binary":[4],"target":[5,13,24,97,122],"region":[6,27,52,83,98],"for":[7,62,189],"synthetic":[8],"aperture":[9],"radar":[10],"(SAR)":[11],"automatic":[12],"recognition":[14,123],"(ATR).":[15],"Due":[16],"to":[17,54,77,111,121],"differences":[19],"of":[20,81,95,132,199],"physical":[21],"sizes":[22],"and":[23,33,114,141,145,154,171,184],"shapes,":[25],"residuals":[28,53],"among":[29],"same":[31],"classes":[32],"those":[34],"between":[35],"different":[36,41,65,130],"targets":[37],"are":[38,136],"distributed":[39],"in":[40,203,209],"manners.":[42],"The":[43,193],"Euclidean":[44],"distance":[45],"transform":[46],"is":[47,60,74,119,178],"then":[48],"performed":[49],"on":[50,68,138],"further":[55],"enhance":[56],"such":[57],"differences,":[58],"which":[59],"beneficial":[61],"correctly":[63],"discriminating":[64],"targets.":[66],"Based":[67],"results,":[70],"a":[71,190],"similarity":[72,89,117],"measure":[73,90,118],"formed":[75],"according":[76],"distribution":[79],"characteristics":[80],"residuals.":[84],"In":[85],"addition,":[86],"designed":[88],"considers":[91],"possible":[93,185],"variations":[94],"caused":[99],"by":[100,124],"nuisance":[102],"conditions":[103,159],"like":[104],"noise":[105,167],"corruption,":[106,168],"partial":[107,172],"occlusion,":[108],"etc.":[109],"Owing":[110],"its":[112],"robustness":[113],"comprehensiveness,":[115],"applied":[120],"comparing":[125],"test":[127],"sample":[128],"with":[129,205],"kinds":[131],"template":[133],"classes.":[134],"Experiments":[135],"undertaken":[137],"Moving":[140],"Stationary":[142],"Target":[143],"Acquisition":[144],"Recognition":[146],"(MSTAR)":[147],"dataset":[148],"under":[149,180],"standard":[150],"operating":[151,158],"condition":[152],"(SOC)":[153],"some":[155],"representative":[156],"extended":[157],"(EOCs),":[160],"i.e.,":[161],"configuration":[162],"variants,":[163],"depression":[164],"angle":[165],"variation,":[166],"resolution":[169],"variation":[170],"occlusion.":[173],"Moreover,":[174],"proposed":[176,201],"method":[177,202],"examined":[179],"reduced":[181],"training":[182],"size":[183],"azimuth":[186],"estimation":[187],"errors":[188],"comprehensive":[191],"evaluation.":[192],"experimental":[194],"results":[195],"demonstrate":[196],"superiority":[198],"comparison":[204],"several":[206],"baseline":[207],"algorithms":[208],"SAR":[210],"ATR.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
