{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981458257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948573","title":"A Novel Two-Timescale Limited Feedback Hybrid Beamforming/Combining Design for Millimeter Wave Systems","display_name":"A Novel Two-Timescale Limited Feedback Hybrid Beamforming/Combining Design for Millimeter Wave Systems","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981458257","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948573","mag":"2981458257"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948573","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08878080.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08878080.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068486773","display_name":"Gaozheng Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaozheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5848-6232","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379216","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1754-0607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1754-0607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432932","display_name":"Weidong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0914,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44508792,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"153475","last_page":"153488"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.8653765916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.8137873411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7258939743041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.706922173500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.6319235563278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.5981391072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.47827088832855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.47393137216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45203885436058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4442662000656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.439485639333725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.4230555295944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3645968437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.262320339679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.24080407619476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.14380231499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1250796616077423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.8653765916824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.8137873411178589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7258939743041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.706922173500061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.6319235563278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5981391072273254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.47827088832855225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.47393137216567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45203885436058044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4442662000656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.439485639333725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.4230555295944214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3645968437194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.262320339679718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.24080407619476318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.14380231499671936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1250796616077423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948573","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08878080.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d828417ca8ba43d28faa454d71682af1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d828417ca8ba43d28faa454d71682af1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 153475-153488 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2948573","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2948573","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08878080.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6833731009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018ZX03001001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323970","display_name":"Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the People's Republic of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0385nmy68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981458257.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2981458257.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W863092621","https://openalex.org/W1417226415","https://openalex.org/W1499056928","https://openalex.org/W1761092975","https://openalex.org/W1939715090","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W1970003402","https://openalex.org/W1999153524","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2005939311","https://openalex.org/W2011836673","https://openalex.org/W2015301486","https://openalex.org/W2015959396","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2063402345","https://openalex.org/W2074863717","https://openalex.org/W2088212435","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2099721949","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2104560009","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2120549790","https://openalex.org/W2120898255","https://openalex.org/W2134070580","https://openalex.org/W2145412765","https://openalex.org/W2167956149","https://openalex.org/W2189661557","https://openalex.org/W2218593314","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2270735382","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2341958166","https://openalex.org/W2342863993","https://openalex.org/W2522190652","https://openalex.org/W2541405589","https://openalex.org/W2563885308","https://openalex.org/W2585862295","https://openalex.org/W2592699581","https://openalex.org/W2596319265","https://openalex.org/W2604698298","https://openalex.org/W2606758893","https://openalex.org/W2611749634","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2725078910","https://openalex.org/W2740385326","https://openalex.org/W2757474971","https://openalex.org/W2763616230","https://openalex.org/W2791562806","https://openalex.org/W2905017398","https://openalex.org/W2949977345","https://openalex.org/W2954069431","https://openalex.org/W2962732261","https://openalex.org/W2962819920","https://openalex.org/W2963190568","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W6628164341","https://openalex.org/W6630257598","https://openalex.org/W6680021679","https://openalex.org/W6704325013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141240674","https://openalex.org/W2265126353","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2088352174","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W4313028534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hybrid":[0],"beamforming":[1],"offers":[2],"a":[3,98,187],"low":[4],"hardware":[5],"complexity":[6],"for":[7,34,75,103],"millimeter":[8,83,106],"wave":[9,84,107],"massive":[10],"multiple-input":[11],"multiple-output":[12],"systems,":[13,52],"which":[14],"is":[15,40,58,67,181],"divided":[16],"among":[17],"the":[18,35,53,61,72,79,82,93,111,114,123,134,147,151,178],"analog":[19],"radio":[20,169],"frequency":[21,44,170],"precoding":[22],"and":[23,60,122,125,159,171,177,195],"digital":[24,139],"baseband":[25,172],"precoding.":[26],"In":[27],"order":[28],"to":[29],"provide":[30,186],"channel":[31,38,56,66,119,156],"state":[32,120,157],"information":[33,158],"base":[36],"station,":[37],"feedback":[39,64,73,193],"essential,":[41],"especially":[42],"in":[43,49],"division":[45],"duplexing":[46],"systems.":[47,108],"However,":[48],"large":[50],"antenna":[51],"size":[54],"of":[55,63,87,113,137,168,190],"matrix":[57],"huge,":[59],"overhead":[62,74],"complete":[65],"not":[68],"acceptable.":[69],"To":[70],"reduce":[71],"hybrid":[76,100],"beamforming,":[77],"leveraging":[78],"property":[80],"that":[81,129],"path":[85,94],"angles":[86],"departure":[88],"vary":[89],"more":[90],"slowly":[91],"than":[92],"gains,":[95],"we":[96,185],"propose":[97],"two-timescale":[99],"beamforming/combining":[101],"algorithm":[102,116,131,153],"downlink":[104],"multi-streams":[105],"We":[109,144],"analyze":[110,146],"performance":[112,136],"proposed":[115,130,152],"with":[117,154],"perfect":[118,155],"information,":[121],"analytical":[124],"simulation":[126],"results":[127],"show":[128],"can":[132],"achieve":[133],"same":[135],"full":[138],"singular":[140],"value":[141],"decomposition":[142],"algorithm.":[143],"also":[145],"rate":[148,163,196],"gap":[149,164],"between":[150,192],"limited":[160],"feedback.":[161],"The":[162],"caused":[165],"by":[166],"quantization":[167,179],"precoder":[173],"codebooks":[174],"are":[175],"decoupled,":[176],"error":[180],"analyzed.":[182],"At":[183],"last,":[184],"closed-form":[188],"expression":[189],"relationship":[191],"bits":[194],"gap.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
