{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980252887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946633","title":"Recent Progress and Challenges in Transformer Oil Nanofluid Development: A Review on Thermal and Electrical Properties","display_name":"Recent Progress and Challenges in Transformer Oil Nanofluid Development: A Review on Thermal and Electrical Properties","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980252887","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946633","mag":"2980252887"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946633","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08865040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08865040.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Danial Amin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-0406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danial Amin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-0406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059982303","display_name":"Rashmi Walvekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-1278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashmi Walvekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-1278","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101917183","display_name":"Mohammad Khalid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0265-4820"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84339108","display_name":"Sunway University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mjt7f73","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Khalid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graphene and Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84339108"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000677485","display_name":"Mahesh Vaka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-056X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143550","display_name":"Taylor's University","ror":"https://ror.org/0498pcx51","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh Vaka","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1768-056X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor\u2019s University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Sustainable Energy and Green Technology Research Group, Faculty of Innovation and Technology, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143550"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073046105","display_name":"Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7083-2521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158949172","display_name":"Curtin University Sarawak","ror":"https://ror.org/024fm2y42","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158949172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nabisab Mujawar Mubarak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Curtin University Malaysia, Sarawak, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158949172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112743629","display_name":"T. C. S. M. Gupta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136064","display_name":"Reliance Industries (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04j6cfb03","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136064"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. C. S. M. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Apar Industries Limited, Chembur, Mumbai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apar Industries Limited, Chembur, Mumbai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136064"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.7538,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93872726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"151422","last_page":"151438"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10511","display_name":"High voltage insulation and dielectric phenomena","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11630","display_name":"Petroleum Processing and Analysis","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanofluid","display_name":"Nanofluid","score":0.844821572303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-oil","display_name":"Mineral oil","score":0.7317410707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.685006320476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer-oil","display_name":"Transformer oil","score":0.657909631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coolant","display_name":"Coolant","score":0.6444342136383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.545127272605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overheating","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","score":0.5390422344207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-voltage","display_name":"High voltage","score":0.4777897298336029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.4420674443244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35499781370162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-engineering","display_name":"Process engineering","score":0.3493567109107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.33210837841033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.27989137172698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle","display_name":"Nanoparticle","score":0.16432568430900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.14053168892860413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1362176537513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.11647108197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"Metallurgy","score":0.09282252192497253}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21946209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1989679","display_name":"Nanofluid","level":3,"score":0.844821572303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779977313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583582","display_name":"Mineral oil","level":2,"score":0.7317410707473755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.685006320476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181335627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901418","display_name":"Transformer oil","level":4,"score":0.657909631729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91914117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056832","display_name":"Coolant","level":2,"score":0.6444342136383057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.545127272605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778284599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25340000","display_name":"Overheating (electricity)","level":2,"score":0.5390422344207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88182573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139740","display_name":"High voltage","level":3,"score":0.4777897298336029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.4420674443244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35499781370162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.3493567109107971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.33210837841033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27989137172698975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.16432568430900574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.14053168892860413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1362176537513733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.11647108197212219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.09282252192497253}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946633","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08865040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:766c1393875e40f48ad68b68cea6d8bd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/766c1393875e40f48ad68b68cea6d8bd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 151422-151438 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946633","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946633","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08865040.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980252887.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980252887.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W270551885","https://openalex.org/W645292681","https://openalex.org/W1123322564","https://openalex.org/W1132420868","https://openalex.org/W1864541204","https://openalex.org/W1964233017","https://openalex.org/W1971431512","https://openalex.org/W1971823560","https://openalex.org/W1972811813","https://openalex.org/W1978208971","https://openalex.org/W1982994921","https://openalex.org/W1990472451","https://openalex.org/W1994187809","https://openalex.org/W2012563352","https://openalex.org/W2014684138","https://openalex.org/W2015785584","https://openalex.org/W2028432820","https://openalex.org/W2034350028","https://openalex.org/W2040934368","https://openalex.org/W2050676199","https://openalex.org/W2051623369","https://openalex.org/W2058614537","https://openalex.org/W2077984832","https://openalex.org/W2079347436","https://openalex.org/W2094415984","https://openalex.org/W2094639459","https://openalex.org/W2105188339","https://openalex.org/W2118565143","https://openalex.org/W2130492868","https://openalex.org/W2131577574","https://openalex.org/W2140417752","https://openalex.org/W2146941051","https://openalex.org/W2164685145","https://openalex.org/W2168601931","https://openalex.org/W2221573544","https://openalex.org/W2255024596","https://openalex.org/W2324466708","https://openalex.org/W2331520489","https://openalex.org/W2334684535","https://openalex.org/W2468236650","https://openalex.org/W2516818440","https://openalex.org/W2519365373","https://openalex.org/W2522988358","https://openalex.org/W2549179662","https://openalex.org/W2565657516","https://openalex.org/W2569991304","https://openalex.org/W2570998650","https://openalex.org/W2572762749","https://openalex.org/W2580443079","https://openalex.org/W2581028320","https://openalex.org/W2600800602","https://openalex.org/W2601811577","https://openalex.org/W2724730420","https://openalex.org/W2763990763","https://openalex.org/W2766777354","https://openalex.org/W2885463207","https://openalex.org/W2896012662","https://openalex.org/W2900771847","https://openalex.org/W2911990741","https://openalex.org/W2913091382","https://openalex.org/W2941191766","https://openalex.org/W3146848397","https://openalex.org/W4247147477","https://openalex.org/W6610083124","https://openalex.org/W6639005270","https://openalex.org/W6641167430","https://openalex.org/W6663292810","https://openalex.org/W6692301448","https://openalex.org/W6726464152","https://openalex.org/W6731637842","https://openalex.org/W7062248544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2209884981","https://openalex.org/W1942652380","https://openalex.org/W2168013531","https://openalex.org/W3035161348","https://openalex.org/W3194550987","https://openalex.org/W2157422065","https://openalex.org/W2772027891","https://openalex.org/W2087284102","https://openalex.org/W3003514616","https://openalex.org/W2067130908"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transformer":[0],"oil":[1,65,172],"is":[2,8,66],"refined":[3],"electrical":[4,17,55,94],"insulating":[5,18,110],"oil,":[6],"which":[7],"extremely":[9],"stable":[10],"at":[11],"high":[12,29,36,93,132],"temperatures":[13],"and":[14,39,80,98,134,184],"possesses":[15],"excellent":[16],"properties.":[19,137],"These":[20],"special":[21],"types":[22],"of":[23,76,108,118,130,144,148,162,167],"oils":[24,44],"are":[25],"widely":[26],"used":[27,49],"in":[28,126,176],"voltage":[30,37],"apparatus":[31],"such":[32,91],"as":[33,50,54,84,92,155,157],"power":[34],"transformers,":[35],"capacitors":[38],"circuit":[40],"breakers.":[41],"Traditionally,":[42],"mineral":[43,64],"have":[45,114],"been":[46],"most":[47],"commonly":[48],"a":[51,85],"coolant":[52],"or":[53],"insulation":[56,95],"medium.":[57],"However,":[58],"the":[59,73,77,106,116,119,122,127,142,146,153,168],"main":[60],"concern":[61],"related":[62],"to":[63,102,151,187],"overheating,":[67],"overloading,":[68],"short":[69],"circuits":[70],"that":[71],"reduce":[72],"shelf":[74],"life":[75],"transformer":[78,171],"unit":[79],"restrict":[81],"its":[82,131,158],"function":[83],"reliable":[86],"coolant.":[87],"Moreover,":[88],"other":[89],"factors":[90],"requirements,":[96],"safety":[97],"economic":[99],"aspects":[100],"need":[101,186],"be":[103,188],"considered":[104],"for":[105,121],"development":[107],"new":[109],"liquid":[111],"material.":[112],"Nanofluids":[113],"become":[115],"one":[117],"alternatives":[120],"existing":[123],"products":[124],"available":[125],"market":[128],"because":[129],"thermo-physical":[133,165],"good":[135],"dielectric":[136,154],"This":[138],"review":[139],"focuses":[140],"on":[141],"status":[143],"nanofluids,":[145],"effect":[147],"different":[149,179],"nanoparticles":[150],"enhance":[152],"well":[156],"heat":[159],"transfer":[160],"properties":[161,166],"nanofluids.":[163],"The":[164],"newly":[169],"developed":[170],"based":[173],"nanofluids":[174],"reported":[175],"comparison":[177],"with":[178],"oils.":[180],"Finally,":[181],"future":[182],"directions":[183],"challenges":[185],"addressed.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}