{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2979504203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946419","title":"CAR: The Clean Air Routing Algorithm for Path Navigation With Minimal PM2.5 Exposure on the Move","display_name":"CAR: The Clean Air Routing Algorithm for Path Navigation With Minimal PM2.5 Exposure on the Move","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2979504203","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946419","mag":"2979504203"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946419","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863351.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863351.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004099218","display_name":"Sachit Mahajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-8895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84653119","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sachit Mahajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["TIGP SNHCC, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9558-8895","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TIGP SNHCC, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112474216","display_name":"Yu-Siou Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Siou Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057269386","display_name":"Dong-Yi Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong-Yi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005654091","display_name":"Tzu-Chieh Tsai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6848-6145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87354575","display_name":"National Chengchi University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rqk8h36","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Chieh Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87354575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100428785","display_name":"Ling\u2010Jyh Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-7764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098366","display_name":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/00z83z196","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ling-Jyh Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5667-7764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":37.7758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":41,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99455799,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"147373","last_page":"147382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11489","display_name":"Air Traffic Management and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9853000044822693,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6762199401855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.6055598855018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-algorithm","display_name":"Routing algorithm","score":0.5169069766998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.5067694783210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.45887577533721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3976656496524811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.24089157581329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing-protocol","display_name":"Routing protocol","score":0.13803356885910034}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6762199401855469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6055598855018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984173633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22725","display_name":"Routing algorithm","level":4,"score":0.5169069766998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.5067694783210754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.45887577533721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3976656496524811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.24089157581329346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104954878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1648707","display_name":"Routing protocol","level":3,"score":0.13803356885910034}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946419","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863351.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:80ae3d0cb3224fa2b6ef60dc1525991d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/80ae3d0cb3224fa2b6ef60dc1525991d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 147373-147382 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946419","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946419","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863351.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1052468712","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1716943804","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108-2218-E-001-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3468423577","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G551880573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-2218-E-001-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G737106015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8336099320","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"105-2221-E-001-016-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8912084727","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 105-2221-E-001-016-MY3","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979504203.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2979504203.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W779029217","https://openalex.org/W1507700505","https://openalex.org/W1965374708","https://openalex.org/W1987297148","https://openalex.org/W1993074639","https://openalex.org/W1996952448","https://openalex.org/W2033585087","https://openalex.org/W2039381445","https://openalex.org/W2040316938","https://openalex.org/W2055675966","https://openalex.org/W2060686364","https://openalex.org/W2064508963","https://openalex.org/W2068878027","https://openalex.org/W2077182240","https://openalex.org/W2079204536","https://openalex.org/W2089625383","https://openalex.org/W2093273258","https://openalex.org/W2099611418","https://openalex.org/W2115531407","https://openalex.org/W2120994418","https://openalex.org/W2140669960","https://openalex.org/W2162343222","https://openalex.org/W2166611481","https://openalex.org/W2169528473","https://openalex.org/W2195489414","https://openalex.org/W2256026919","https://openalex.org/W2434236673","https://openalex.org/W2613421932","https://openalex.org/W2622447491","https://openalex.org/W2791323237","https://openalex.org/W2792488983","https://openalex.org/W2794429068","https://openalex.org/W2794659547","https://openalex.org/W2893578545","https://openalex.org/W2905056488","https://openalex.org/W2931814011","https://openalex.org/W4255750059"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2737480484","https://openalex.org/W2149224531","https://openalex.org/W4247716783","https://openalex.org/W2137646787","https://openalex.org/W2137454753","https://openalex.org/W2160885658","https://openalex.org/W2098791961","https://openalex.org/W2144164383","https://openalex.org/W2483530712","https://openalex.org/W4230539218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transport":[0],"related":[1],"pollution":[2],"is":[3,25,114,138,203],"becoming":[4],"a":[5,28,70,128,172],"major":[6],"issue":[7],"as":[8],"it":[9,67,150],"adversely":[10],"affects":[11],"human":[12],"health":[13],"and":[14,45,65,78,148,199],"one":[15],"way":[16],"to":[17,22,26,31,68,116,140,151,220],"lower":[18],"the":[19,32,40,59,76,79,83,101,121,136,145,156,182],"personal":[20],"exposure":[21,169,223],"air":[23],"pollutants":[24],"choose":[27],"health-optimal":[29,71],"route":[30,72,175],"destination.":[33,80],"Current":[34],"navigation":[35],"systems":[36],"include":[37],"options":[38],"for":[39,98,120,192,205],"quickest":[41],"paths":[42,48],"(distance,":[43],"traffic)":[44],"least":[46],"expensive":[47],"(fuel":[49],"costs,":[50],"tolls).":[51],"In":[52,108],"this":[53],"paper,":[54],"we":[55],"come":[56],"up":[57],"with":[58,90,100,155,227],"CAR":[60],"(Clean":[61],"Air":[62],"Routing)":[63],"algorithm":[64,126,161,191],"use":[66],"build":[69],"recommendation":[73],"system":[74],"between":[75],"origin":[77],"We":[81,188],"combine":[82],"open":[84],"source":[85],"PM2.5":[86,113,118,135,158,168],"(Fine":[87],"Particulate":[88],"Matter":[89],"diameter":[91],"less":[92],"than":[93,181,207],"2.5":[94],"micrometers)":[95],"concentration":[96,119],"data":[97],"Taiwan,":[99],"road":[102,122,146],"network":[103,123,147],"graph":[104],"obtained":[105],"through":[106,153],"OpenStreetMaps.":[107],"addition,":[109],"spatio-temporal":[110],"interpolation":[111],"of":[112,144,225,232],"performed":[115],"get":[117],"intersections.":[124],"Our":[125],"introduces":[127],"weight":[129],"function":[130],"that":[131,215],"assesses":[132],"how":[133],"much":[134],"user":[137],"exposed":[139],"at":[141],"each":[142],"intersection":[143],"uses":[149],"navigate":[152],"intersections":[154],"lowest":[157],"exposures.":[159],"The":[160,212],"can":[162,218],"help":[163],"people":[164],"reduce":[165],"their":[166],"overall":[167],"by":[170],"offering":[171],"healthier":[173],"alternative":[174],"which":[176],"may":[177],"be":[178],"slightly":[179],"longer":[180],"shortest":[183],"path":[184],"in":[185],"some":[186],"cases.":[187],"evaluate":[189],"our":[190,216],"different":[193],"travel":[194,210],"modes,":[195],"including":[196],"driving,":[197],"cycling":[198],"walking.":[200],"An":[201],"analysis":[202],"done":[204],"more":[206],"4,000":[208],"real-world":[209],"scenarios.":[211],"results":[213],"show":[214],"approach":[217],"lead":[219],"an":[221,228],"average":[222,229],"reduction":[224],"17.1%":[226],"distance":[230],"increase":[231],"2.4%.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
