{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2980151489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946313","title":"Evaluation of Handwritten Urdu Text by Integration of MNIST Dataset Learning Experience","display_name":"Evaluation of Handwritten Urdu Text by Integration of MNIST Dataset Learning Experience","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2980151489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946313","mag":"2980151489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863484.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058861950","display_name":"Saad Bin Ahmed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0631-9368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142644","display_name":"Intel (Malaysia)","ror":"https://ror.org/048jw1p35","country_code":"MY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210142644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Saad Bin Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Artificial Intelligence and RObotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Artificial Intelligence and RObotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418","https://openalex.org/I4210142644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047918826","display_name":"Ibrahim A. Hameed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1252-260X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrahim A. Hameed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Alesund, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ICT and Natural Sciences, Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet, Alesund, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017072744","display_name":"Saeeda Naz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5665-4615"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeeda Naz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Education Department, GGPGC, Abbottabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Education Department, GGPGC, Abbottabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033585021","display_name":"Imran Razzak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3930-6600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Razzak","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101520834","display_name":"Rubiyah Yusof","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-0695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142644","display_name":"Intel (Malaysia)","ror":"https://ror.org/048jw1p35","country_code":"MY","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210142644"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rubiyah Yusof","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Artificial Intelligence and RObotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Artificial Intelligence and RObotics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418","https://openalex.org/I4210142644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058861950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142644","https://openalex.org/I4576418"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.4306,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85793542,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"153566","last_page":"153578"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14339","display_name":"Image Processing and 3D Reconstruction","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.8568432331085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8169188499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7341905832290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urdu","display_name":"Urdu","score":0.6645798683166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5923274159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5736532211303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5423139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.541851818561554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5242034196853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.456853449344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transfer-of-learning","display_name":"Transfer of learning","score":0.4452873766422272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3715451657772064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3713147044181824}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.8568432331085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8169188499450684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7341905832290649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777350258","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617","display_name":"Urdu","level":2,"score":0.6645798683166504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5923274159431458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5736532211303711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5423139333724976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.541851818561554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5242034196853638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.456853449344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.4452873766422272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3715451657772064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3713147044181824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a4b67f9a7d924b849b61a05e4b2f1989","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a4b67f9a7d924b849b61a05e4b2f1989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 153566-153578 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30132739","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401102","display_name":"Own your potential (DEAKIN)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/139474","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/139474","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2946313","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2946313","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08863484.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980151489.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2980151489.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82701990","https://openalex.org/W1445283744","https://openalex.org/W1980698266","https://openalex.org/W1998582365","https://openalex.org/W2007339694","https://openalex.org/W2009444210","https://openalex.org/W2035729865","https://openalex.org/W2066235823","https://openalex.org/W2109992539","https://openalex.org/W2112504244","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2137664016","https://openalex.org/W2141642674","https://openalex.org/W2144499799","https://openalex.org/W2170393096","https://openalex.org/W2287185936","https://openalex.org/W2294318823","https://openalex.org/W2340516726","https://openalex.org/W2513853748","https://openalex.org/W2593196750","https://openalex.org/W2616807405","https://openalex.org/W2893402008","https://openalex.org/W2910558104","https://openalex.org/W2932301055","https://openalex.org/W2962771178","https://openalex.org/W4293449801","https://openalex.org/W6676766825","https://openalex.org/W6677004514","https://openalex.org/W6681794868","https://openalex.org/W6703963660","https://openalex.org/W6720544073"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036048022","https://openalex.org/W4309224979","https://openalex.org/W3026879719","https://openalex.org/W3183901164","https://openalex.org/W3135818718","https://openalex.org/W4290188444","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3003905048","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W3127975138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,60,69,82,99,123],"similar":[1,35],"nature":[2],"of":[3,34,90,96,101],"patterns":[4,36],"may":[5],"enhance":[6],"the":[7,10,30,94],"learning":[8,32,51],"if":[9],"experience":[11,33,52],"they":[12],"attained":[13],"during":[14],"training":[15],"is":[16,46,64],"utilized":[17],"to":[18,28,116],"achieve":[19],"maximum":[20],"accuracy.":[21],"This":[22],"paper":[23],"presents":[24],"a":[25,119],"novel":[26],"way":[27],"exploit":[29],"transfer":[31],"on":[37,53,88,93,109,118,130],"handwritten":[38,97],"Urdu":[39,54],"text":[40],"analysis.":[41],"MNIST":[43],"pre-trained":[44,106],"network":[45,63,107],"employed":[47],"by":[48],"transferring":[49],"it's":[50],"Nastaliq":[55],"Handwritten":[56],"Dataset":[57],"(UNHD)":[58],"samples.":[59],"convolutional":[61],"neural":[62],"used":[65],"for":[66],"feature":[67,121],"extraction.":[68],"experiments":[70,91,103,125],"were":[71],"performed":[72],"using":[73],"deep":[74],"multidimensional":[75],"long":[76],"short":[77],"term":[78],"(MDLSTM)":[79],"memory":[80],"networks.":[81],"obtained":[83],"result":[84,100],"shows":[85],"immaculate":[86],"performance":[87],"number":[89],"distinguished":[92],"basis":[95],"complexity.":[98],"demonstrated":[102],"show":[104],"that":[105],"outperforms":[108],"subsequent":[110],"target":[111],"networks":[112],"which":[113],"enable":[114],"them":[115],"focus":[117],"particular":[120],"learning.":[122],"conducted":[124],"presented":[126],"astonishingly":[127],"good":[128],"accuracy":[129],"UNHD":[131],"dataset.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}