{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2978069020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2944763","title":"Malaysian Women Shoe Sizing System Using Multivariate Normal Probability Distribution","display_name":"Malaysian Women Shoe Sizing System Using Multivariate Normal Probability Distribution","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2978069020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2944763","mag":"2978069020"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2944763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2944763","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08853388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08853388.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091574243","display_name":"Mohd Faizal Mohd Hamzah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Faizal Mohd Hamzah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074167601","display_name":"Omar Mohd Rijal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3016-5407"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Mohd Rijal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Independent Researcher, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Independent Researcher, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021684691","display_name":"Kozo Kimura","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kozo Kimura","raw_affiliation_strings":["I-Ware Laboratory Company Ltd., Osaka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"I-Ware Laboratory Company Ltd., Osaka, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062305204","display_name":"Norliza Mohd Noor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-1006"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norliza Mohd Noor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6540-1006","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Razak Faculty of Technology and Informatics, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0997,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.44906127,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"142726","last_page":"142737"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12677","display_name":"Sports Dynamics and Biomechanics","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.9545000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.8758500814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6163864135742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/univariate","display_name":"Univariate","score":0.6144267320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.5383518934249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-normal-distribution","display_name":"Multivariate normal distribution","score":0.4741577208042145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4665481746196747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","score":0.4409930109977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4339158833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population","display_name":"Population","score":0.4298638105392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-hypothesis-testing","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","score":0.4118998050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.09630092978477478}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.8758500814437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6163864135742188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199163554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1681619","display_name":"Univariate","level":3,"score":0.6144267320632935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.5383518934249878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177384507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149000","display_name":"Multivariate normal distribution","level":3,"score":0.4741577208042145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4665481746196747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.4409930109977722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4339158833026886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4298638105392456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87007009","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210832","display_name":"Statistical hypothesis testing","level":2,"score":0.4118998050689697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.09630092978477478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2944763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2944763","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08853388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:77b9175b874f4cbe9be7d238085560f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/77b9175b874f4cbe9be7d238085560f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 142726-142737 (2019)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2944763","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2944763","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08853388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311508","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322604","display_name":"Universiti Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323300","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2978069020.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2978069020.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613321770","https://openalex.org/W1528036327","https://openalex.org/W1546503963","https://openalex.org/W1579271636","https://openalex.org/W1602228400","https://openalex.org/W1979214683","https://openalex.org/W1981741218","https://openalex.org/W1999973307","https://openalex.org/W2011078313","https://openalex.org/W2011832962","https://openalex.org/W2019788953","https://openalex.org/W2021033793","https://openalex.org/W2028666973","https://openalex.org/W2042071549","https://openalex.org/W2044351833","https://openalex.org/W2045907843","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2054016372","https://openalex.org/W2055998671","https://openalex.org/W2061587100","https://openalex.org/W2062305748","https://openalex.org/W2075506505","https://openalex.org/W2081588701","https://openalex.org/W2098171784","https://openalex.org/W2111428169","https://openalex.org/W2121407732","https://openalex.org/W2122684028","https://openalex.org/W2139806588","https://openalex.org/W2148458197","https://openalex.org/W2155673476","https://openalex.org/W2166698530","https://openalex.org/W2208661890","https://openalex.org/W2284469781","https://openalex.org/W2519500131","https://openalex.org/W2580268771","https://openalex.org/W2781037050","https://openalex.org/W2782207121","https://openalex.org/W2797746357","https://openalex.org/W4238664777","https://openalex.org/W4299345493","https://openalex.org/W4300956553","https://openalex.org/W6660837460","https://openalex.org/W6674506489","https://openalex.org/W6688029628"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2375311683","https://openalex.org/W2366062860","https://openalex.org/W2373777250","https://openalex.org/W2353956655","https://openalex.org/W2020653254","https://openalex.org/W2010454064","https://openalex.org/W2352072014","https://openalex.org/W217279133","https://openalex.org/W2393487946","https://openalex.org/W1994909720"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,153,184],"Malaysian":[1,23,199],"women":[2,24],"population":[3],"frequently":[4],"face":[5],"the":[6,10,19,32,47,56,68,100,146,180,193],"problem":[7,15,57],"of":[8,21,42,49,58,61,70,99,102,123,161,168,198],"finding":[9],"best":[11],"fitting":[12],"shoes.":[13],"This":[14,64],"is":[16],"created":[17],"by":[18,120],"absence":[20],"a":[22,39,50,121,141,157,174],"shoe":[25,51,62,169,176,187],"sizing":[26,52,177,188],"system.":[27],"Standard":[28],"statistical":[29],"methods":[30],"involving":[31],"Multivariate":[33],"Normal":[34],"distribution":[35],"are":[36,114],"used":[37],"in":[38,54,116],"novel":[40,182],"process":[41],"addressing":[43],"issues":[44],"related":[45],"to":[46,140,165,171],"creation":[48],"system,":[53],"particular,":[55],"defining":[59],"categories":[60,167],"sizes.":[63],"study":[65,143],"focused":[66],"on":[67],"use":[69],"five-foot":[71],"measurement":[72],"namely,":[73],"foot":[74,77],"length":[75,85,90],"(FL),":[76],"breadth":[78],"(FB),":[79],"foot's":[80],"ball":[81],"girth":[82],"(BG),":[83],"instep":[84,89],"(IL),":[86],"and":[87,112,130,150,196,207],"fibulare":[88],"(FIL).":[91],"Univariate":[92],"hypothesis":[93],"testing":[94],"was":[95,163],"performed":[96],"taking":[97],"advantage":[98],"existence":[101],"normal":[103],"probability":[104],"distribution.":[105],"For":[106],"brevity,":[107],"details":[108],"for":[109,192,204],"FL,":[110],"FB,":[111,128,132],"BG":[113],"shown":[115],"this":[117],"paper,":[118],"followed":[119],"comparison":[122],"performance":[124],"results":[125,137],"between":[126],"(FL,":[127,131],"BG)":[129],"BG,":[133],"IL,":[134],"FIL).":[135],"Our":[136],"were":[138],"compared":[139],"similar":[142],"showing":[144],"almost":[145],"same":[147],"aggregate":[148],"loss":[149],"coverage":[151],"percentage.":[152],"result":[154],"shows":[155],"that":[156],"modest":[158],"sample":[159],"size":[160],"160":[162],"sufficient":[164],"define":[166],"sizes":[170],"help":[172],"develop":[173],"prototype":[175,186],"system":[178,189],"using":[179],"proposed":[181,185],"approach.":[183],"provides":[190],"information":[191],"planning,":[194],"design,":[195],"manufacturing":[197],"women's":[200],"footwear":[201],"with":[202],"implications":[203],"better":[205],"fitness":[206],"comfort.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}