{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2975396892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943667","title":"Sample Efficient Home Power Anomaly Detection in Real Time Using Semi-Supervised Learning","display_name":"Sample Efficient Home Power Anomaly Detection in Real Time Using Semi-Supervised Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2975396892","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943667","mag":"2975396892"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2943667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943667","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08848388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08848388.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101903874","display_name":"Xinlin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8994-6227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063507594","display_name":"Insoon Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5887-6169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Insoon Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sung-Hoon Ahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-1649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Hoon Ahn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3299-1649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Advanced Machines and Design, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.738,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84482599,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":null,"first_page":"139712","last_page":"139725"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7661682367324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7633191347122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.5706133842468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5027444362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.4908908009529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4899848997592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.4793075621128082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-alarm","display_name":"False alarm","score":0.46272245049476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42969298362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36236631870269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3453068435192108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7661682367324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7633191347122192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.5706133842468262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5027444362640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.4908908009529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4899848997592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.4793075621128082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.46272245049476624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42969298362731934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36236631870269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3453068435192108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2943667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943667","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08848388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ad426377568e4dea8c03d8b236e20311","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ad426377568e4dea8c03d8b236e20311","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 7, Pp 139712-139725 (2019)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:s-space.snu.ac.kr:10371/192519","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10371/192519","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401345","display_name":"Seoul National University Open Repository (Seoul National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","host_organization_name":"Seoul National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2019.2943667","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2943667","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6287639/8600701/08848388.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1189419823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A4A1059976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5388761497","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017K1A3A9A04013801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5622681777","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017K1A3A9A04013801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5711493","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A4A1059976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8842921398","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A4A1059976","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8921652557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2017K1A3A9A04013801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321292","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336769","display_name":"Institute of Engineering Research, Seoul National University","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338417","display_name":"Basic Research Laboratory","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975396892.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2975396892.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69112019","https://openalex.org/W1983446105","https://openalex.org/W2007462323","https://openalex.org/W2011575864","https://openalex.org/W2065713906","https://openalex.org/W2082437573","https://openalex.org/W2088293603","https://openalex.org/W2104837959","https://openalex.org/W2107854230","https://openalex.org/W2112618476","https://openalex.org/W2121352581","https://openalex.org/W2133073150","https://openalex.org/W2193209126","https://openalex.org/W2206393165","https://openalex.org/W2212529815","https://openalex.org/W2295959395","https://openalex.org/W2342835739","https://openalex.org/W2344234701","https://openalex.org/W2398119937","https://openalex.org/W2408079821","https://openalex.org/W2411006576","https://openalex.org/W2519253192","https://openalex.org/W2591957299","https://openalex.org/W2594596033","https://openalex.org/W2606436201","https://openalex.org/W2743144095","https://openalex.org/W2750941888","https://openalex.org/W2755492127","https://openalex.org/W2780476542","https://openalex.org/W2804841412","https://openalex.org/W2810292802","https://openalex.org/W2896365146","https://openalex.org/W2897434857","https://openalex.org/W2938421456","https://openalex.org/W2945344268","https://openalex.org/W2952733303","https://openalex.org/W2963344330","https://openalex.org/W3121920480","https://openalex.org/W6602786125","https://openalex.org/W6679797286","https://openalex.org/W6712574313","https://openalex.org/W6713458258"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053269318","https://openalex.org/W2364370872","https://openalex.org/W2097963413","https://openalex.org/W2294335174","https://openalex.org/W2025614924","https://openalex.org/W3145575561","https://openalex.org/W2001275470","https://openalex.org/W2073996508","https://openalex.org/W1591475660","https://openalex.org/W2559776840"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Anomaly":[0],"detection":[1,13,46,132,148],"in":[2,24,52,61,123,163,202],"home":[3,43],"power":[4,44,194],"monitoring":[5,22,50],"can":[6],"be":[7],"categorized":[8],"into":[9],"two":[10,76],"main":[11],"types:":[12],"of":[14,28,36,54,66,70,75,116,143,156,171,220,230],"electrical":[15],"theft,":[16],"leakage,":[17],"or":[18,175],"nontechnical":[19],"loss":[20],"and":[21,34,84,127,161,228],"anomalies":[23],"the":[25,32,62,141,153,159,169,180,221,225,231],"daily":[26,63,154],"activities":[27,65,155],"residents.":[29],"Focusing":[30],"on":[31,99],"application":[33],"practicality":[35,229],"anomaly":[37,45,147],"detection,":[38],"we":[39],"propose":[40],"sample":[41,130],"efficient":[42,131],"(SEPAD)":[47],"with":[48,150,204],"improved":[49],"performance":[51],"terms":[53],"electricity":[55,182],"usage":[56,183],"as":[57,59],"well":[58],"changes":[60],"living":[64],"residents":[67,162],"via":[68],"provision":[69],"detailed":[71],"feedback.":[72],"SEPAD":[73,144,167,189],"consists":[74],"classifiers:":[77],"an":[78,85,172,187],"appliance":[79],"pattern":[80,174],"matching":[81],"classifier":[82,89],"(APMC)":[83],"energy":[86],"consumption":[87,195],"habit":[88],"(ECHC).":[90],"The":[91,134,218],"APMC":[92],"uses":[93],"a":[94,100,113,129,199,213],"single-source":[95],"separation":[96],"framework":[97],"based":[98],"semi-supervised":[101,108],"support":[102],"vector":[103],"machine":[104],"(semi-SVM)":[105],"model.":[106],"This":[107],"learning":[109],"method":[110],"requires":[111],"only":[112],"small":[114],"amount":[115],"labeled":[117],"data":[118,196],"to":[119,152,179,192,212],"achieve":[120],"high":[121,226],"accuracy":[122,227],"near":[124],"real":[125],"time":[126],"is":[128],"method.":[133,233],"hidden":[135],"Markov":[136],"model":[137],"(HMM)-based":[138],"ECHC":[139],"improves":[140],"rationality":[142],"by":[145],"providing":[146],"functionality":[149],"respect":[151],"householders,":[157],"especially":[158],"elderly":[160],"developing":[164],"areas.":[165],"When":[166],"detects":[168],"appearance":[170],"unknown":[173],"known":[176],"patterns":[177],"contrary":[178],"household\u2019s":[181],"habits,":[184],"it":[185],"triggers":[186],"alarm.":[188],"was":[190],"applied":[191],"monitor":[193],"from":[197],"Mkalama,":[198],"rural":[200],"area":[201],"Tanzania":[203],"52":[205],"households":[206],"containing":[207],"nearly":[208],"150":[209],"occupants":[210],"connected":[211],"solar":[214],"powered":[215],"off-grid":[216],"network.":[217],"results":[219],"practical":[222],"test":[223],"demonstrate":[224],"proposed":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-08-03T07:22:36.454288","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}